when is family violence a problem?
When the public decides its a problem
What is Family Violence?
any form of abuse, mistreatment or neglect that children or adults experience from other members of their family
What isn’t recognized as abuse?
yelling, screaming, swearing
What is abuse?
refers to a situation in which a person takes advantage of a less powerful person
What are some examples of abuse?
neglect, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, financial exploitation as well as physical violence
What do definitions determine?
what we consider to be abuse
What are the 2 main sources of information to measure family violence?
Police reported info (UCR)
self-reported victimization data (doesn’t report violence against children)
In the past, children were seen as basically _____
bad
As attention to _____grew, _________ became broader and _____ inclusive
abuse, definitions, more
True or False: In Canada, there are federal, provincial, and territorial laws to protect children from abuse
true
What is physical abuse?
is the intentional use of physical force against a child that results in injury or causes bodily harm
What is corporal punishment?
any firm of physical force that is use to inflict pain and that serves as a punishment for an offence or to discourage inappropriate behaviour
What is Sexual abuse?
any form of sexual conduct directed at a child, with or without physical contact
What is Emotional Abuse?
occurs in any situation in which a child is seriously or repeatedly subjected to behaviour that could cause harm, to the child
What does neglect include?
failure to give appropriate attention or care to a child. resulting in serious emotional or physical harm
Which children are more prone to neglect?
children with families under stress, single parents and/or parents who depend on welfare. Children in larger families
What are 3 reasons for low reports of child abuse?
1- child abuse is frowned on by society
2- Children may be too afraid or too young to disclose abuse
3- professionals who see it may not report it
4- a parent /guardian’s explanations of injuries are plausible and not suspicious
5- people think it isn’t their business
The most common type of child maltreatment investigated by child welfare authorities is exposure to _____ ________ _________, followed by neglect
intimate partner violence
Which children have a higher risk of being abused?
unwanted children, children living with a lone parent, babies born prematurely, ones with physical or mental challenges, or those in poor health
Young children are more likely to be abused by a ______ member. Older children are more likely to get abused by a ___-_______ member
family
non-family
Which gender is more at risk to be victims of abuse committed family members?
Females
______ are more at risk of sexual abuse
Girls
Which SES level will more likely get reported of abuse?
lower SES because they are interacting with government authorities more and are more open to observation
What does Pagelow say about Sibling Abuse?
Violence by children is seen, bit it is not seen as violence
What is a reason of lack of research about sibling abuse?
society’s generally complacent attitude about sibling rivalry in general and boy’s aggressing in particular.
When does parent abuse occur?
when a teen or young adult tries to have control and power over their parents(s). They control and manipulate and try to intimidate
Children who abuse their parents often have _____ ______ in school and are already involved with the ____ or child welfare _______. They likely have friends who are ______ and may also _____ their parents.
little interest, police, authorities. delinquents, assult
What are some effects of child abuse on children?
BROKEN bones, genital bleeding, and failure to thrive. They may have LEARNING PROBLEMS and problem behaviours are common. Have difficulty getting along with other children and find it HARD TO TRUST /others and can develop DEPRESSION
Children who are ______ from their homes may be damaged further by the _______ designed to protect them.
removed, system
What is intimate partner violence?
violence committed by legally married, separated, divorced, or common-law partners, current or previous dating partners and other intimate partners.
What are 3 factors of abuse between partners?
- ongoing relationship, potential economic dependence
- intimate partner violence may also involve the safety and well-being of children
- The violence often involves multiple incidents over a period of time
Since violence against _____ was considered a _______ family matter and was ________ for centuries, it has been a largely hidden crime
wives, private, tolerated
I the abuse of females more serious than abuse of males? (5 points)
- women are more likely to SUFFER ore serious injuries than men.
- many men kill their wives after prolonged periods of ESCALTING VIOLENCE by a male partner and vice versa
- men are more apt to HUNT DOWN and kill partners who left them or were unfaithful
- men far often kill their children along with their spouses
- women who kill partners often do so in DEFENSE
Dating violence is most often initiated by the _____.
Male
Girls who have experienced severe _______ with injuries have especially low ___-________ and more signs of ____________ disturbances
violence, self-esteem, psychological
________ women are assaulted more often than those who are married
Cohabitating
Why does abuse occur more often in poor families?
not because they are poor—> because being in poverty creates mores stress
Why is there not much research about abuse in lesbian relationships?
- only recently started looking at partner violence
- stereotypes of lesbians (seen as warm and supportive so non-abusive)
- Don’t want to admit it to hurt the gay stigma
- victims doubt that police will regard such abuse as an issue
Why would males think that it is ok to abuse their wives?
the believe that real men do not express soft emotions such as tenderness or fear and they are using the traditional roles of husbands and wives (patriarchal)
What is the process of leaving an abusive relationship?
- recognize abuse and pros and cons of leaving
- they want to change the situation
- they plan and actively make changes to stop the abuse
- then they take these steps and leave
(not all go through stages in this order or go through each stage at all)
What are 3 reasons that women would stay in an abusive relationship?
- committed to caretaker role
- they are afraid of the consequences of leaving
- they have learned to feel powerless and guilty
Why would Police not lay charges for spousal abuse?
1- the home is private
2- couples should try and work out their problems instead of going to court
3- the fear that the victim will refuse to testify
What does is the Crown attorneys and polices’ job?
it is their responsibility to ask that charges be laid
What is the battered women syndrome?
a pattern of sign and symptoms appearing in women who are physically and mentally abused over an extended period of time by an intimate partner; a legal defence of killing her abusive partner
what is second-stage housing?
longer-term housing for abused women (3mnth-1)
What are the basic 3 abuses of an older person?
1- neglect
2- rights (human, legal, medical)
3- deprivation of choices
Who usually victimized seniors?
someone they knew– most often children, spouses, or ex-spouses
What are some drawbacks of mandatory reporting of abuse about seniors?
1- may violate the rights of the elderly
2- elderly people may end up in a facility against their will if they had an abusive caregiver before
3- abuse can escalate once it has been reported
What is the violence-relaxation cycle?
violent evident, remorse, building tension, and another violent act
What are some types of abusers?
- reactors
- entitled
- impulsive
- overwhelmed by events
- neurologically/psychologically ill
What are the 6 theories of abuse and neglect?
- situation ( occurs when abuser is under stress)
- social exchange (use violence as long as it is rewarding)
- symbolic internationalist (interaction btwn abuser + abused)
- Family systems( have roles that are hard to break)
- feminist (violence result of patriarchy)
- societal perspectives (lower SES ppl due to stress etc)
How to we prevent family violence?
primary prevention- EDUCATION
Secondary- working with at risk ppl
Tertiary prevention- TREATMENT or intervention