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Med Term > Chapter 14: Endocrine System (Exam 3, dark green/light blue) > Flashcards

Chapter 14: Endocrine System (Exam 3, dark green/light blue) Flashcards

1
Q

adren/o
adrenal/o

A

adrenal glands

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2
Q

calc/o

A

calcium

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3
Q

crin/o

A

secrete

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4
Q

gluc/o
glyc/o
glycos/o

A

sugar, sweetness

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5
Q

home/o

A

same, alike

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6
Q

kal/i

A

potassium

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7
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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8
Q

parathyroid/o

A

parathyroid glands

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9
Q

thym/o

A

thymus gland

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10
Q

thyr/o
thyroid/o

A

thyroid gland

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11
Q

toxic/o

A

poison

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12
Q

-crine

A

secrete

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13
Q

-dipsia

A

thirst

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14
Q

-gen

A

forming, producing, origin

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15
Q

-toxic

A

pertaining to poison

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16
Q

-uria

A

urine

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17
Q

eu-

A

good

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18
Q

exo-

A

outside

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19
Q

poly-

A

many

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20
Q

diabetes insipidus (DI)

A

Disorder characterized by excessive thirst (polydipsia) and excessive urination (polyuria) due to inadequate production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

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21
Q

diuresis

A

increased formation and secretion of urine

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22
Q

gestational diabetes

A

diabetes that develops during pregnancy

23
Q

growth hormone (GH) disorders

A

Pituitary gland disorder that generally involves a hypersecretion or hyposecretion of GH and commonly results from a pituitary tumor

24
Q

acromegaly

A

hypersecretion of GH in adults, resulting in enlargement of bones in the extremities and head

25
Q

dwarfism

A

Hyposecretion of GH during childhood, resulting in extreme shortness in stature (final height of only 3’ to 4’) but normal body proportions

26
Q

giantism

A

Hypersecretion of GH during childhood, resulting in abnormal increase in the length of long bones and extreme height (up to 8′ tall) but with body proportions remaining about normal

27
Q

hirsutism

A

excessive distribution of body hair, especially in women

28
Q

hypercalcemia

A

condition in which the calcium level in the blood is higher than normal

29
Q

hyperkalemia

A

condition in which the potassium level in the blood is higher than normal

30
Q

hypervolemia

A

abnormal increase in the volume of blood plasma (liquid part of the blood and lymphatic fluid) in the body

31
Q

hyponatremia

A

lower than normal level of sodium in the blood

32
Q

insulinoma

A

Tumor of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas, causing the excessive production of insulin and leading to hypoglycemia
- pancreatic tumor

33
Q

neurofibromatosis (NF)

A

Genetic disorder with multiple benign fibrous tumors that grow anywhere in the nervous system including the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

34
Q

obesity

A

abnormal accumulation of body fat, usually 20% or more of an individual’s ideal body weight

35
Q

panhypopituitarism

A

total pituitary impairment that brings about a progressive and general loss of hormone activity

36
Q

thyroid storm

A

crisis of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism caused by the release into the bloodstream of an increased amount of thyroid hormone
- thyroid crisis
- thyrotoxic crisis

37
Q

virilism

A

masculinization of development of male secondary sex characteristics in a woman

38
Q

exophthalmometry

A

Measures the degree of forward displacement of the eyeball (exophthalmos) as seen in Graves disease

39
Q

A1c test

A

blood test used to diagnose and manage type 1 and type 2 diabetes
- glycated hemoglobin
- hemoglobin A1c
- HbA1c

40
Q

fasting blood sugar (FBS)

A

test that measures glucose levels in a blood sample following a fast of at least 8 hours

41
Q

glucose tolerance test (GTT)

A

Screening test in which a dose of glucose is administered and blood samples are taken at regular intervals following the dose to determine how quickly glucose is cleared from the blood

42
Q

insulin tolerance test (ITT)

A

Diagnostic test in which insulin is injected into the vein, causing severe hypoglycemia to assess growth hormone (GH) and cortisol reserve

43
Q

thyroid function test (TFT)

A

test that detects an increase or decrease in thyroid function

44
Q

total calcium test

A

test that measures blood calcium levels to detect bone and parathyroid disorders, malabsorption, or an overactive thyroid

45
Q

radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) and scan

A

Nuclear imaging procedure that combines a thyroid scan with an RAIU procedure to evaluate the structure and physiological functioning of the thyroid gland

46
Q

parathyroidectomy

A

excision of one or more of the parathyroid glands, usually to control hyperparathyroidism

47
Q

thyroidectomy

A

excision of the entire thyroid gland (thyroidectomy), a part of it (subtotal thyroidectomy), or a single lobe (thyroid lobectomy)

48
Q

transsphenoidal hypophysectomy

A

Endoscopic surgery to remove a pituitary tumor through an incision in the sphenoid sinus (transsphenoidal) without disturbing brain tissue

49
Q

insulin injection therapy

A

lifelong therapy using a fine needle and syringe to inject insulin for controlling type 1 diabetes

50
Q

insulin pump therapy

A

treatment for type 1 diabetes that uses a device that continuously delivers insulin through a catheter placed under the skin

51
Q

Graves Disease

A

Most common form of hyperthyroidism; caused by oversecretion of hormones (T4 and T3) by the thyroid gland, in which elevated levels produce profound changes in the body’s physiological processes; more common in women than men

52
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

Caused by exposure to excess cortisol; Adrenal or pituitary problem; Long-term use of corticosteroids; More common in females than males

53
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

characterized by high glucose levels; caused by defects in insulin secretion, action, or both

Med Term (17 decks)

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