Flashcards in Chapter 14. Lymphatic and Immune Systems - Medical Terms Deck (76):
1
acquired immunity
formation of antibodies and lymphocytes after exposure to an antigen
2
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
depression or suppression of the immune system after exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); marked by opportunistic infections, secondary neoplasms, and neurologic problems
3
adenoids
masses of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx
4
allergen
substance capable of causing a specific hypersensitivity in a body; an antigen
5
allergy
abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen (allergen)
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anaphylaxis
exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity to foreign protein or other substance
7
antibody
protein produced in the bloodstream by lymphocytes in response to a specific antigen, such as a bacterium or toxin; antibodies destroy or weaken antigens
8
antigen
substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an antibody
9
asplenia
no spleen
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atopy
intense allergic reaction (such as asthma) influenced by hereditary tendency or predisposition
11
autoimmune disease
chronic disabling disease caused by the abnormal production of antibodies to normal body tissues; multiple sclerosis, lupus erythematosus are examples
12
axillary nodes
lymph nodes under the arm
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B cell
a lymphocyte that originates in bone marrow and transforms into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies
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CD4 cell
Helper T cell that carries the CD4 protein antigen on its surface
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cervical nodes
lymph nodes in the neck
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complement system
proteins in the blood that help antibodies and T cells kill their target
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cytokines
proteins that aid cells to destroy antigens; examples are interleukins and interferons
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cytotoxic T cell
T cell lymphocyte that directly kills foreign cells; T8 cell
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dendritic cell
a type of macrophage that captures antigens and presents them to T cells for destruction
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ELISA
test to detect anti-HIV antibodies in blood; this is a screening test for AIDS
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helper T cell
lymphocyte that aids a B cell lymphocyte in recognizing antigens and stimulating antibody production
22
Hodgkin disease
malignant tumor of lymphatic tissue in the spleen and lymph nodes
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human immunodeficiency virus
virus (retrovirus) that causes AIDS
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hypersensitivity
abnormal condition characterized by an exaggerated response of the immune system to an antigen
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hypersplenism
syndrome of spleen enlargement (splenomegaly) and destruction of red blood cells (hemolysis)
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immunity
body's ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins; this includes natural immunity and acquired immunity
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immunoelectrophoresis
laboratory test that separates immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgD, IgE, and IgA)
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immunoglobulins
antibodies (proteins) secreted by B-cell lymphocytes (plasma cells)
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immunosuppression
blocking or turning off the normal immune response
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immunotherapy
use of immunologic techniques to treat disease
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inguinal node
lymph node in the groin region
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interferons
anti-viral proteins secreted by lymphocytes
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interleukins
proteins (cytokines) that stimulate the immune system including B & T cell lymphocytes
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interstitial fluid
fluid that fills the spaces in between cells
35
kaposi sarcoma
malignant tumor of skin and connective tissue; associated with AIDS
36
lymph
fluid that circulates within lymph vessels and lymph nodes
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lymphadenitis
inflammation of lymph nodes
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lymphadenopathy
disease of lymph nodes
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lymph capillaries
tiny lymph vessels that carry lymph through the body
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lymphedema
abnormal collection of fluid in tissue spaces caused by obstruction of lymph vessels and backflow of lymph
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lymph node
mass of stationary lymphatic tissue along the path of lymph vessels
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lymphocytes
white blood cells that develop primarily in lymph nodes and the spleen and fight against foreign organisms
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lymphocytosis
increase in numbers of lymphocytes in the bloodstream
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lymphocytopenia
deficiency of lymphocytes
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lymphoid organs
organs containing and derived from lymphatic tissue
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lymphoma
malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymphatic tissue
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lymphopoiesis
formation of lymphocytes
48
lymph vessel
carries lymph throughout the body
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macrophage
large phagocyte found in lymphatic tissues and connective tissues; derived from a monocyte
50
mediastinal nodes
lymph nodes in the mediastinum (central area between the lungs in the chest)
51
monoclonal antibody
antibody produced in a laboratory to attack specific antigens
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multiple myeloma
malignant tumor of bone marrow cells (plasma cells that produce immunoglobulins)
53
natural immunity
person's own genetic ability to fight off disease; it includes phagocytes and lymphocytes such as natural killer cells
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non-Hodgkin lymphoma
malignant tumor of cells (lymphocytes and large macrophages called histocytes) found in lymph nodes and spleen
55
opportunistic infections
infectious diseases associated with AIDS; toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, herpes simplex, and pneumoncytosis carinii pneumonia (PCP)
56
plasma cell
B cell lymphocyte that secretes antibodies
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protease inhibitors (PI)
drugs used to treat AIDS by blocking production of protease, and enzyme that helps HIV to reproduce
58
right lymphatic duct
receives lymph from the right side of the body and empties lymph into a vein in the neck
59
severe combined immunodeficiency disease
infants are born with a deficiency of B cells and T cells resulting in a lack of immunity
60
spleen
organ adjacent to the stomach (in the LUQ) that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells
61
splenectomy
removal of the spleen
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splenomegaly
enlargement of the spleen
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suppressor T cell
lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T cell lymphocytes
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T cell
lymphocyte originating in the thymus gland and destroys antigens by direct action or production of cytokines such as interferons and interleukins
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thoracic duct
large lymphatic vessel in the upper chest
66
thymectomy
removal of the thymus gland
67
thymoma
malignant tumor of the thymus gland
68
thymus gland
lymphoid organ in the mediastinum that produces T cell lymphocytes and aids in the immune response
69
tonsils
masses of lymphatic tissue on either side of the back of the mouth
70
toxic
pertaining to a toxin, which is a poison or harmful substance
71
toxin
poison or harmful substance
72
vaccination
introduction of a vaccine (containing dead or weakened antigen) to produce immunity; it is a type of acquired immunity
73
vaccine
weakened or dead antigens to induce antibody production
74
viral load test
measures the amount of HIV in the bloodstream
75
wasting syndrome
weight loss and decrease in muscle strength, appetite, and mental activity that occurs with AIDS
76