Chapter 14 Mexican Americans

Question 1

The Mexican American experience is seen more as a

Answer 1

consciousness

Question 2

The Mexican American experience is a more ____ than the Native American Indian

Answer 2

diverse experience

Question 3

Spanish Colonalization is unique because of the

Answer 3

mixing of Spanish and Native Cultures

Question 4

Spanish _____ to spanish explorers and settlers. Blood becomes mixed with native american indians that that becomes mexico.

Answer 4

grant land

Question 5

People who came to this country in the 1800s, 1900s, and yesterday from Mexico all

Answer 5

fall into the guise of Mexican American

Question 6

The Spanish involvement with Mexico goes back to

Answer 6

the 16th century

Question 7

In the 16th century the Spanish ___ and ____ of Mexico

Answer 7

invasion and conquest

Question 8

The 16th century conquest was a combination of ___ and ____ expansion

Answer 8

military and religious expansion

Question 9

The Spanish in this conquest were looking for

Answer 9

riches, trade, anything to bring back to Spain to increase Spain’s power in Europe

Question 10

The church was looking to convert people

Answer 10

to Catholicism

Question 11

The Native American people that the Spanish encountered were conquered by __ and ___

Answer 11

disease and violence

Question 12

Catholic Churches used the ____ to spread Catholicism to Native populations.

Answer 12

Missions

Question 13

The military was very important in this Colonilization process because the King of Spain utilized __ to give to soldiers

Answer 13

land grants

Question 14

The Hacienda were ___ given to minor nobels

Answer 14

vast land grants, huge estates

Question 15

The Estancia was ___ not as big as a hacienda

Answer 15

a large landed estate, usually a cattle ranch

Question 16

The Racheria was

Answer 16

the workers quarters of a Rancho-the Village

Question 17

The Spanish saw the americas as a land of the ___

Answer 17

riches

Question 18

The California Mission system was carefully selected by the _____

Answer 18

Spanish missionaries

Question 19

Criteria for Spanish missionaries when choosing where to place a mission

Answer 19

good supplies of water, fertile soils for growing crops, had to be located near Native population centers

Question 20

Mission farms and ranches _____ the Indians’ traditional food-gathering grounds.

Answer 20

destroyed

Question 21

The Mission farms and ranches destroyed the Native Indians’ food sources because

Answer 21

then they would come to the mission for nourishment

Question 22

California has ___ missions located along the coast of California.

Answer 22

21

Question 23

The California Missions were built from 1769-____

Answer 23

1823

Question 24

There was a diverse mixture of people in what became Mexico because where every the Spanish colonized they allowed ____

Answer 24

intermarriage

Question 25

The cowboy began with the

Answer 25

Spanish

Question 26

Pueblos were ____ soldiers at the presidios.

Answer 26

civilian towns that grew the food supply for the

Question 27

The Spanish government at the pueblos offered _____ in order to attract settlers

Answer 27

free land, livestock, farming equipment, annual allowance for the purchase of clothing and other supplies, the settlers were exempt from all taxes for five years.

Question 28

The first California Pueblo was established in San Jose in

Answer 28

1777

Question 29

1781 Los Angeles was formed and _____ founding families made up more than half of the original settlers of LA

Answer 29

African American

Question 30

1810-1821

Answer 30

Mexico becomes an independent establishment from Spain

Question 31

The US perception of Mexico was tainted from the 16th century

Answer 31

the english development; the english and the spanish did not get along; the english painted a negative picture of the spanish

Question 32

Discuss why it is important to understand the concept of "Diversity of Experience" for the Mexican American both in a historical and contemporary analysis.

Answer 32

a

Question 33

Discuss the concept of agriculture and the Migrant Labor Cycle in relationship to the Mexican American experience.

Answer 33

a

Question 34

Utilizing the Domination Model of Race Relations, analyze the Mexican American Experience.

Answer 34

a

Question 35

Between 1929 and 1935 _____ Mexicans were repatriated (deported) to Mexico, most without court hearings.

Answer 35

four hundred thousand

Question 36

In 1845 the United States annexes Texas. This action leads to _______

Answer 36

the Mexican American War.

Question 37

The Zoot Suit Riots in ___ were between US servicemen stationed in southern California and young Mexican Americans.

Answer 37

1943

Question 38

In 1850, California passed the ____. This tax targeted the chinese and mexican miners. It was created to try to drive them out of mining.

Answer 38

Foreign Miners Tax

Question 39

The _____ terminated the US-Mexican War and gave the United States present day Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas, and parts of Colorado, Nevada, and Utah in exchange for 15 million dollars.

Answer 39

Treaty Guadalupe Hildago

Question 40

This "Act" allowed squatters to settle and claim vacant lands in frontier areas. The result was the Californios fount thousands of Anglos squatting on their land and cause many legal land issues.

Answer 40

1862 homestead act.

Question 41

Even though Mexican labor was being brought to the United States through the Bracero Program, in 1954 the US Border Patrol launched "____" which apprehended and expelled 3.8 million Mexican Aliens.

Answer 41

Operation Wetback

Question 42

The ____ allowed squatters to settle and claim vacant lands in frontier areas. This meant many Californios found thousand of anglo squatters on their land which created many legal disputes.

Answer 42

1862 Homestead Act

Question 43

By 1821 Mexico has its independence from __

Answer 43

Spain

Question 44

In 1836 Texas declares ____ from Mexico

Answer 44

independency

Question 45

The US was in the mist of it's period of Manifest Destiny where it was trying to expand so Mexico and the US ___

Answer 45

started to have problems; Since the Spanish encouraged US to come to Texas when Mexico took over

Question 46

In ___ Congress of the US annexed (declared it part of the US) Texas.

Answer 46

1845

Question 47

_____ declaration of war on May 13, 1846

Answer 47

Congressional

Question 48

The Mexican American war _____ the American involvement

Answer 48

propagandized

Question 49

All of the posters for the Mexican American war were from the ____

Answer 49

American perspective belittling and putting Mexico down in order to bring America up

Question 50

When talking about a diverse experience what is meant by an indigenous people?

Answer 50

Native Americans occupied Mexico before the Spanish came and the Inca and Mayan cultures were there. With the spanish colonialization there was a mixing of Spanish and Native cultures.

Question 51

When talking about a diverse experience the Southwest United States has a lot of ___

Answer 51

old landed people or a landed population; generations of experience

Question 52

In the Early 1800's Spain encourages settlement of Texas by ___

Answer 52

Americans

Question 53

Mexican American War was from ____

Answer 53

1846-48

Question 54

Texas, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, Texas, New Mexico and California

Answer 54

were lost to Mexico in the Mexican American War

Question 55

In 1848 Mexican American War ends and the treaty of Guadalupe Hildago is signed in exchange for

Answer 55

15 million dollars

Question 56

The treaty of Guadalupe Hildago gave ___ to Mexicans in the territories

Answer 56

citizenship and protection

Question 57

1853 the Gadson Purchase-US buys 30,000 miles of territory for the US from Mexico because

Answer 57

Railroad interests

Question 58

In 1853 there were about ___ Spanish speaking people living in territories lost by the Texas Rebellion 1836, Mexican War 1848 and Gadson Purchase 1853

Answer 58

80,000

Question 59

Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago gave them citizenship and protection but why did they not really have that?

Answer 59

The attitude of Manifest Destiny saw them as a group of defeated foreigners so they socially did not have protections or rights.

Question 60

In California Mexican citizenship and marriage ties are important to __

Answer 60

landowning

Question 61

John Sutter started the

Answer 61

gold rush

Question 62

By 1849 the ___ was in full swing

Answer 62

California Gold Rush

Question 63

Ethnic violence as Anglo miners pushed/forced/murdered Mexicans off

Answer 63

claims

Question 64

There were lynchings, murders, and expulsions because there was competition for

Answer 64

property rights and mining rights

Question 65

Hollywood has glamorized the

Answer 65

Texas Rangers

Question 66

In ___ there were about 80,000 Spanish speaking people living in territories lost by the Texas Rebellion 1836, Mexican War 1848, and Gadson Purchase 1853

Answer 66

1853

Question 67

Mexican citizenship and marriage ties to important landowning California families helped open the portals of wealth and influence to most of the _____ who settles in Mexican California

Answer 67

prominent Americans

Question 68

1849 California Gold Rush competition for_____

Answer 68

mining rights

Question 69

After Texas Independence there were

Answer 69

major problems

Question 70

After Texas independence Texas Cowboys crossed into Mexico taking thousands of head of cattle in retribution for

Answer 70

property destroyed by the Mexican Army; Mexican Vaqueros retaliated with the same action criminals would cross border

Question 71

local Mexican Americans who were legally staying on their land were

Answer 71

harassed; vigilantes and lynchings

Question 72

1850 California designed __

Answer 72

Foreign Miners' Tax

Question 73

The California tax was designed to discourage immigration the law ___

Answer 73

primarily directed at forcing Mexicans (and Chinese) out of the mines; requires all persons who were not native born or who had not become American citizens under the treaty of guadalupe hidalgo, to pay 20 dollars for licenses allowing them to mine

Question 74

An exception covered California's Native Americans the law did prove ____

Answer 74

successful in its aim; mexican miners balked at the exorbitant charge and refused to pay it.

Question 75

land claims become crucial in

Answer 75

California

Question 76

In 1851 California ___ is passed which allowed Mexicans who were in CA to legalize land claims prior to US takeover

Answer 76

land act

Question 77

The 1851 California land act worked __

Answer 77

in opposite; caused mexican to litigate in court for years and in order to pay for legal fees they had to sell off their land

Question 78

1861 Homestead Act allowed squatters to

Answer 78

settle and claim vacant lands in frontier areas; Californios found thousands of Anglos squatting on their land; many legal disputes

Question 79

Cinco de Mayo happened May 5 __

Answer 79

1862 because Mexico encured a lot of debt to France and France wanted their money back; Mexican Army has a victory over French army in Puebla; delayed the French takeover of Mexico for about a year

Question 80

Concept of Migrant labor

Answer 80

Railroads & Agriculture; Irrigation & Agriculture need for cheap labor

Question 81

Need for Cheap labor (4)

Answer 81

Chinese (1849-1882) Japanese (1880-1906) Pilipino (1906-1934) Mexican (1934-present day)

Question 82

The temperature and the climate in the ___ is important for growing things.

Answer 82

southwest; use of trucks to get agriculture produce to market; Migratory labor situation-work from south to north and return

Question 83

Problems for migratory labor situation (truck farming)

Answer 83

Education of children-no schooling because they move so much; establishment of permanent houseing

Question 84

Migrant agricultural labor is very

Answer 84

intense; back breaking labor

Question 85

Migrant Labor-Padrone/Cayote responsible for

Answer 85

transportation; food; housing; distribute wages

Question 86

Padrone=

Answer 86

master owner of the land

Question 87

1924 Establishment of

Answer 87

border patrol

Question 88

1929-1935 Mexican ___ major enforcement of 1924 US restrictions 400,000 mexicans were ___ to Mexico; w/out court hearings

Answer 88

Repatriation; repatriated

Question 89

1954 US Border Patrol launches

Answer 89

operation wetback; 3.8 million mexican aliens were apprehended and expelled fro US; Border patrol used racial profiling anyone who looked mexican

Question 90

Mexicans are __ and __ identifiable

Answer 90

physically and culturally

Question 91

Discuss the importance of Spanish Colonialism and the Mission system to an understanding of the Mexican American Experience.

Answer 91

a