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Medical Terminology > chapter 15 > Flashcards

chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

brain

A

contained within the cranium

center for coordinating body activities

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2
Q

cerebrum

A

largest portion of brain, L/R

controls skeletal muscles, interprets general senses, contains centers for sight, hearing, intellect, memory, emotions

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3
Q

ventricles

A

spaces within the brain that contain fluid called cerebrospinal fluid

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4
Q

cerebellum

A

under posterior portion of cerebrum

assist in the coordination of skeletal muscles and to maintain balance

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5
Q

brainstem

A

stemlike portion of brain that connects the spinal cord

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6
Q

pons

A

connects cerebrum with cerebellum and brainstem

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7
Q

medulla oblongata

A

between pons and spinal cord

centers for: respiration, heart rate, bp

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8
Q

midbrain

A

most superior portion of brainstem

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9
Q

cerebrospinal fluid (CF)

A

clear, colorless fluid in ventricles

cushions brain&spinal cord, transports nutrients, clears metabolic waste

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10
Q

spinal , initiates reflex action

A

passes through spinal column from medulla oblongata to the second lumbar vertebra
conducts nerve impulses

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11
Q

meninges

A

3 layers of membrane that cover the brain and spinal cord

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12
Q

dura mater

A

tough outer layer of the meninges

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13
Q

arachnoid

A

delicate middle layer of meninges, loosely attached to pia mater by web like fibers

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14
Q

pia mater

A

thin inner layer of meninges

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15
Q

nerve

A

cordlike structure that carries impulses from part of the body to another

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16
Q

ganglion

A

group of nerve cell bodies located outside the CNS

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17
Q

glia

A

specialized cells that support and nourish nervous tissue

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18
Q

neuron

A

nerve cell that conducts nerve impulses to carry out the function of the nervous system

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19
Q

cerebell/o

A

cerebellum

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20
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum, brain

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21
Q

dur/o

A

hard, dura mater

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22
Q

encephala/o

A

brain

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23
Q

gangli/o

ganglion/o

A

ganglion

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24
Q

gli/o

A

glia

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25
Q

mening/o

meningi/o

A

meninges

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26
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord

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27
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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28
Q

radic/o
radicul/o
rhiz/o

A

nerve root

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29
Q

esthesi/o

A

sensation, sensitivity, feeling

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30
Q

ment/o

psych/o

A

mind

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31
Q

mon/o

A

one, single

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32
Q

phas/o

A

speech

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33
Q

poli/o

A

gray matter

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34
Q

quadr/i

A

four

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35
Q

-iatrist

A

specialist, phyician

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36
Q

-iatry

A

treatment, specialty

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37
Q

-ictal

A

seizure, attack

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38
Q

-paresis

A

slight paralysis

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39
Q

cerebellitis

A

inflammation of the cerebellum

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40
Q

cerebral thrombosis

A

pertaining to the cerebellum

abnormal condition of a clot

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41
Q

duritis

A

inflammation of the dura mater

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42
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain

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43
Q

encephalomalacia

A

softening of the brain

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44
Q

encephalomyeloradiculitis

A

inflammation of the brain, spinal cord, nerve roots

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45
Q

gangliitis

A

inflammation of a ganglion

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46
Q

glioblastoma

A

tumor composed of developing glial tissue

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47
Q

glioma

A

tumor composed of glial tissue

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48
Q

meningiona

A

tumor of the meninges

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49
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges

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50
Q

meningocele

A

protrusion of the meninges

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51
Q

meningomyelocele

A

protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord

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52
Q

mononeuropathy

A

disease affecting a single nerve

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53
Q

neuralgia

A

pain in nerve

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54
Q

neurasthenia

A

nerve weakness

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55
Q

neuritis

A

inflammation of a nerve

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56
Q

neuroarthropathy

A

disease of nerves and joints

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57
Q

neuroma

A

tumor made up of nerve cells

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58
Q

neuropathy

A

disease of the nerves

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59
Q

poliomyelitis

A

inflammation of gray matter of the spinal cord

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60
Q

polyneuritis

A

inflammation of the nerve roots

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61
Q

polyneuropathy

A

disease of many nerves

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62
Q

radiculitis

A

inflammation of the nerve roots

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63
Q

radiculopathy

A

disease of nerve roots

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64
Q

rhizomenigomyelitis

A

inflammation of the nerve root, meninges, spinal cord

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65
Q

subdural hematoma

A

pertaining to below the dura mater, tumor of the blood

66
Q

bell palsy

A

paralysis of muscles on one side of the face, usually temporary
signs: sagging mouth, nonclosure of eyelid

67
Q

cerebral aneurysm

A

aneurysm in the cerebrum

68
Q

cerebral embolism

A

an embolus lodges in a cerebral artery, causing sudden blockage of blood from brain

69
Q

cerebral palsy (CP)

A

condition characterized by lack of muscle control and partial paralysis

70
Q

dementia

A

cognitive impairment characterized by loss of intellectual brain function

71
Q

epilepsy

A

condition characterized by recurrent seizures, abnormal electrical activity in the brain

72
Q

hydrocephalus

A

increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of brain

73
Q

intracerebral hemmorrhage

A

bleeding into the brain as a result of a ruptured blood vessel within the brain

74
Q

multiple sclerosis (MS)

A

degenerative disease characterized by sclerotic patches along the brain and spinal cord

75
Q

parkinson disease(PD)

A

chronic degenerative disease of the central nervous system

76
Q

sciatica

A

inflammation of the sciatic nerve, causing pain that travels from the thigh through the leg to the foot and toes

77
Q

shingles

A

viral disease that affects the peripheral nerves and causes blisters on the skin that follow the course of the affected nerve

78
Q

stroke

A

occurs when there is an interruption of blood supply to a region of the brain, depriving nerve cells in the affected area of oxygen and nutrients

79
Q

subarachnoid hemmorrhage

A

bleeding caused by a ruptured blood vessel just outside the brain that rapidly fills the space between the brain and skull

80
Q

transient ischemic attack(TIA)

A

sudden deficient supply of blood to the brain lasting a short time

81
Q

ganglionectomy

A

excision of a ganglion

82
Q

neurectomy

A

excision of a nerve

83
Q

neurolysis

A

separating a nerve

84
Q

neuroplasty

A

surgical repair of a nerve

85
Q

neurorrhaphy

A

suture of a nerve

86
Q

neurotomy

A

incision into a nerve

87
Q

radicotomy, rhizotomy

A

incision into a nerve root

88
Q

cerebral angiography

A

radiographic imaging og the blood vessels in the brain

89
Q

CT myelography

A

process of recording/scan the spinal cord

90
Q

electroencephalogram(EEG)

A

record of the electrical impulses of the brain

91
Q

electroencephalograph

A

instrument used to record the electrical impulses of the brain

92
Q

electroencephalography

A

process of recording the electrical impulses of the brain

93
Q

computed tomography of the brain (CT scan)

A

process that includes the use of a computer to produce a series of brain tissue images at any desired depth

94
Q

magnetic resonance imaging of the brain or spine (MRI scan)

A

noninvasive technique the produces sectional images of soft tissues of the brain or spine through a strong magnetic field

95
Q

positron emission tomography of the brain (PET scan)

A

nuclear medicine imaging technique with a radioactive substance that produces sectional imagining of the brain to examine blood flow and metabolic activity

96
Q

evoked potential studies(EP studies)

A

group of diagnostic tests that measure changes and responses in brain waves elicited by visual, auditory, somatosensory stimuli

97
Q

lumbar puncture(LP)

A

insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space usually between the 3 and 4 lumbar vertebrae

98
Q

anesthesia

A

without(loss of) feeling or sensation

99
Q

aphasia

A

condition without speaking (loss or impairment of the ability to speak

100
Q

cephalalgia

A

pain in the head (headache)

101
Q

cerebral

A

pertaining to the cerebrum

102
Q

craniocerebral

A

pertaining to the cranium and cerebrum

103
Q

dysphasia

A

condition of difficulty speaking

104
Q

encephalosclerosis

A

hardening of the brain

105
Q

gliocyte

A

glial cell

106
Q

hemiparesis

A

slight paralysis of half

107
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis of half the body

108
Q

hyperesthesia

A

excessive sensitivity to stimuli

109
Q

interictal

A

occurring between seizures or attacks

110
Q

intracerebral

A

pertaining to within the cerebrum

111
Q

mental

A

pertaining to the mind

112
Q

monoparesis

A

slight paralysis one (limb)

113
Q

monoplegia

A

paralysis of one (limb)

114
Q

myelomalacia

A

softening of the spinal cord

115
Q

neuroid

A

resembling a nerve

116
Q

neurologist

A

physician who studies and treats diseases of the nerves/nervous system

117
Q

neurology

A

study of nerves

118
Q

panplegia

A

total paralysis

119
Q

paresththesia

A

abnormal sensation (burning, tingling)

120
Q

postictal

A

(occurring) after a seizure or attack

121
Q

preictal

A

(occurring) before a seizure or attack

122
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis of four (limbs)

123
Q

subdural

A

pertaining to below the dura mater

124
Q

afferent

A

conveying toward a center

125
Q

ataxia

A

lack of muscle coordination

126
Q

cognitive

A

pertaining to the mental processes of comprehension, judgment, memory, reason

127
Q

coma

A

state of profound unconsciousness

128
Q

concussion

A

injury to the brain caused by a major or minor head trauma

129
Q

conscious

A

awake, alert, aware of ones surroundings

130
Q

convulsion

A

sudden, involuntary contraction of a group of muscles

131
Q

disorientation

A

a state of mental confusion as to time, place, identity

132
Q

efferent

A

conveying away from the center

133
Q

gait

A

a manner or style of walking

134
Q

incoherent

A

unable to express ones thoughts or ideas in an orderly, intelligible manner

135
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis from the waist down caused by damage to the lower level of the spinal cord

136
Q

seizure

A

sudden surge of abnormal electrical activity in the brain, resulting in involuntary body movement or behavior

137
Q

shunt

A

tube implanted in the body to redirect the flow of a fluid

138
Q

syncope

A

fainting or sudden loss of consciousness caused by lack of blood supply to the cerebrum

139
Q

unconsciousness

A

state of being unaware of surroundings and incapable of responding to stimuli as a result of injury, shock, illness, drugs

140
Q

psychiatrist

A

a physician who studies and treats disorders of the mind

141
Q

psychiatry

A

specialty of the mind

142
Q

psychogenic

A

originating in the mind

143
Q

psychologist

A

specialist of the mind

144
Q

psychology

A

study of the mind

145
Q

psychopathy

A

disease of the mind

146
Q

psychosis

A

abnormal condition of the mind

147
Q

psychosomatic

A

pertaining to the mind and body

148
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

an eating disorder characterized by a disturbed perception of body image resulting in failure to maintain body weight, intensive fear of gaining weight, pronounced desire for thinness

149
Q

anxiety disorder

A

an emotional disorder characterized by feelings of apprehension, tension, uneasiness arising typically from the anticipation of unreal or imagined danger

150
Q

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A

a disorder of learning and behavioral problems characterized by marked inattention, distractability, impulsiveness, hyperactivity

151
Q

autism

A

a spectrum of mental disorder, include: onset during infancy/childhood, preoccupation with subjective mental activity, inability to interact socially, impaired communication

152
Q

bipolar disorder

A

major psychological disorder typified by a disturbance in mood, manifested by manic or depressive episodes

153
Q

bulimia neverosa

A

eating disorder characterized by uncontrolled binge eating followed by purging

154
Q

major depression

A

a mood disturbance characterized by feelings of sadness, despair, discouragement, hopelessness, lack of joy, altered sleep patterns, difficulty with decision making and daily function

155
Q

obsessive compulsive disorder

A

a disorder characterized by intrusive, unwanted thoughts that result in the tendency to perform repetitive acts or rituals

156
Q

panic attack

A

an episode of sudden onset of acute anxiety, occurring unpredictably, with feelings of acute apprehension, dyspnea, dizziness, sweating, chest pain, depersonalization, paresthesia, fear of dying, loss of mind or control

157
Q

phobia

A

a marked and persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable cued by the presence or anticipation of a specific situation or object

158
Q

pica

A

compulsive eating of nonnutritive substances, such as clay or ice, result of iron deficiency

159
Q

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

disorder characterized by an acute emotional response to a traumatic event perceived as life threatening or severe emotional stress. symptoms include: anxiety, sleep disturbance, nightmares, difficulty concentrating, depression

160
Q

schizophrenia

A

any one of a large group of psychotic disorders characterized by gross distortions of reality, disturbance of language and communication, withdraw from social interaction

161
Q

somatoform disorders

A

disorders characterized by physical symptoms for which no know physical cause exists

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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