Factors causing urbanization
Mechanization, industrialization ,(switch to an economy depended on manufacturing industries ),technological change and fuel sources
Millionaire cities
Dramatic jump in number of cities having over 1 million people
Shanty towns
Grow up on vacant land that is not being used ,people living on land they do not own constructing, makeshift homes out of materials they can find
Push factors
Factors encouraging them to leave their rule homes (lacking food or jobs or education or healthcare)
Pull factors
Drawn to cities because certain factors attract them there
Urban functions
Activities migrant seek and take , cities established and grow because urban functions (example Montreal was to act a central location for for trade)
Site or situation
Site is physical characteristics of land on which city is built
Situation describes the relationship between the city and it’s wider surroundings
Locational advantages
If site or situation accommodate kinds of activity people want to engage in community may be established and if remain favorable, community will grow and prosper
Basic activities
Town forming activities such as Mills factories tourism
Urban function serve a larger population than just the community and bring wealth into area
Non-activities
Town serving activities existing to meet needs of the local population like grocery stores circulate wealth
Does not generate, seldom provides impetus to begin community
Multiplier effect
For every job created directly in resource extraction industries, 3 jobs stimulated elsewhere
Urbanization
Living in towns or cities
City forms
Interaction of functions ,site ,situation give cities different shapes and appearances
City forms: political/religious
National or holy center ,elements of city usually centered on Temple or place of great religious significance or importance public buildings
City forms: organic
Evolved naturally in ways fitting physical landscape
Urban functions blends together
City forms: planned
Designed to keep urban functions apart separate areas for homes or shops or industries and linked through transportation
City forms: transit
Sub centers links to city core by transportation services
Urban functions arranged in a linear fashion along transit lines
City forms: automobile
Expand outward all directions from city core
Roadways link urban functions separated into zones
Suburb
Environment reminiscent of peaceful, rural countryside, single family homes, tow homes consuming more space than apartments
Low-density or high density
Low-density is few people per hectare
High is inner-city many people live close together
Land use patterns
How people use land or how land is used in cities based on functions
Land use patterns residential
Where people live (single family homes, townhouses,apartments)
Land use patterns industrial
Places that make goods (light industry, heavy industry)
Land use pattern commercial
Places that sell goods and services (single shops, strip plazas)
Land use pattern transportation
Land used to provide facilities to move goods and people (roadways, railways)
Land use pattern institutional
Land used to support the culture if the people (places if worship, educational facilities)
Land use patterns other
Uses to meet the various needs of people (public admin, health care)
Zoning
Laws establish what uses will be permitted on lands in a city
Sustainable cities
Resource decisions today do not compromise quality of life for future generations (effective transport, mix of land uses, affordable house)