Chapter 15 - Differential Reinforcement

Question 1

______ is a procedure in which reinforcement is used to increase the frequency of a desirable behavior, and extinction is used to decrease the frequency of undesirable behaviors

Answer 1

DRA (differential reinforcement of alternate behaviors)

Question 2

Identify two different ways to identify reinforcers to use in a differential reinforcement procedure

Answer 2

Ask Preference and Observe Choices

Question 3

When using DRA, you will use continuous reinforcement initially and then use _____ to maintain the behavior

Answer 3

Intermittent

Question 4

______ is procedure in which you provide a reinforcer for the absence of the problem behavior

Answer 4

DRO (differential reinforcement of other behaviors)

Question 5

What does DRO stand for?

Answer 5

Differential reinforcement of other behaviors

Question 6

What does DRA stand for?

Answer 6

Differential reinforcement of alternate behaviors

Question 7

What do you reinforce in a DRL procedure

Answer 7

Low rate of response

Question 8

A reinforcer is delivered at the end of 30 seconds if the behavior did not occur in the interval. What is this an example of?

Answer 8

Differential reinforcement of other behavior

Question 9

A reinforcer is delivered if the behavior occurred fewer than 5 times in the class period What is this an example of?

Answer 9

Full Session Differential Reinforcement of low rates of responding

Question 10

A reinforcer is delivered if the behavior occurred at least 30 seconds after the last instance of behavior What is this an example of?

Answer 10

Space responding DRL

Question 11

What two behavioral principles are involved in DRA?

Answer 11

Reinforcement and extinction

Question 12

______ is an appropriate procedure to use when you want to increase the rate of a desirable behavior, the behavior is occurring at least occasionally, and you have access to an effective reinforcer

Answer 12

DRA

Question 13

In the ____ procedure, when the problem behavior occurs, you do not provide the reinforcer and instead reset the interval for reinforcement

Answer 13

DRO

Question 14

In _____ DRO, the reinforcer is delivered if the problem behavior was absent for the entire interval

Answer 14

Whole Interval

Question 15

In ____ DRL, the reinforcer is delivered when fewer than a specified number of responses occur

Answer 15

Full Session

Question 16

In ____ DRL, the reinforcer is delivered when response occurs a specific amount of time after the previous response

Answer 16

Space Responding

Question 17

When Nelly raised her hand at least 10 minutes after the last time she raised her hand, her teacher called on her. What is this an example of?

Answer 17

DRL

Question 18

When Nelly went 10 minutes without talking out in class, her teacher praised her. What is this an example of?

Answer 18

DRO

Question 19

When Nelly asked her classmate for the scissors instead of grabbing the scissors from her classmate’s hand, her teacher praised her. What is this an example of?

Answer 19

DRA

Question 20

Which differential reinforcement procedure was used when the staff reinforced Mrs. Williams’ positive talk and ignored her complaining?

Answer 20

DRA

Question 21

In differential negative reinforcement of alternative behavior (DNRA), what is the reinforcer for the desirable behavior

Answer 21

Escaping the tasks

Question 22

In an attempt to decrease Jenny’s hair pulling, each time Jenny holds her hands in her lap, her parents praise her. What is this an example of?

Answer 22

DRI

Question 23

Jenny engages in disruptive behavior in an attempt to get out of doing her homework. In an attempt to decrease Jenny’s disruptive behavior, each time Jenny asks for assistance instead of engaging disruptive behavior, her parents help her with her homework. What is this an example of?

Answer 23

Functional communication training

Question 24

In the DRO procedure, the reinforcer is contingent on ____?

Answer 24

The absence of the problem behavior

Question 25

When the baseline rate of the problem is high, the DRO interval will be _____ and when the baseline rate of the problem behavior is low, the DRO interval will be _____

Answer 25

Shorter, longer

Question 26

In DRO, what do you do each time the problem behavior occurs? _____ and ____

Answer 26

Reinforcer is withheld, reset the interval

Question 27

Staff provided a reinforcer when Pete went 2 minutes without cursing. What is this an example of?

Answer 27

DRO

Question 28

Staff provided a reinforcer each time Pete used the word "fudge" instead of a curse word. What is this an example of?

Answer 28

DRA

Question 29

Staff provided a reinforcer when Pete cursed fewer than two times each evening. What is this an example of?

Answer 29

DRL

Question 30

Preference Assessment

Answer 30

Try out a variety of differential stimuli and see which ones the person prefers

Question 31

Reinforcer Assessment

Answer 31

Determine that the item did in fact function as a reinforcer, you would deliver it contingent on a behavior and show that the behavior increased

Question 32

Single Stimulus Assessment

Answer 32

Each potential reinforcer is presented, one at a time, to see whether the individual approaches the stimulus or not

Question 33

Paired Stimulus Assessment

Answer 33

Two potential reinforcers are presented to the individual and the researcher records which stimulus the individual approaches

Question 34

Multiple Stimulus Assessment

Answer 34

An array of potential reinforcers is presented to the individual and the researcher records which potential reinforcer the individual approaches or chooses first

Question 35

Multiple Stimulus Assessment Without replacement

Answer 35

Another technique to assess reinforcers is to make each potential reinforcer contingent on an operant response. If the frequency or duration of the response increases when a stimulus is contingent on the response, you have demonstrated that the stimulus is a reinforcer

Question 36

Differential Reinforcement of an incompatible behavior (DRI)

Answer 36

The alternative behavior is physically incompatible with the problem behavior and therefore, the two behaviors cannot occur at the same time

Question 37

Differential reinforcement of communication (DRC)

Answer 37

- functional communication training - The individual with the problem behavior learns to make a communication response that is functionally equivalent to the problem behavior. When the communication produces the same reinforcing outcome as the problem behavior, there is no longer any reason for the problem behavior to occur

Question 38

Differential reinforcement of other behavior

Answer 38

The reinforcer is contingent on the absence of the problem behavior. This means that the reinforcer is no longer delivered after the problem behavior (extinction) but the reinforcer is delivered after an interval of time in which the problem behavior does not occur

Question 39

Whole-Interval DRO

Answer 39

The problem behavior must be absent for the entire duration of the interval for the reinforcer to be delivered

Question 40

Momentary DRO

Answer 40

The problem behavior must be absent at the end of the interval for the reinforcer to be delivered

Question 41

Differential reinforcement of low rates of responding

Answer 41

a reinforcer is delivered contingent on a lower rate of responding during a period of time

Question 42

In the DRL procedure you ____ reinforce the absence of the behavior, as in the DRO procedure; rather, you ____ a lower rate of the problem behavior

Answer 42

Do not, reinforce

Question 43

Full-session DRL

Answer 43

Reinforcement is delivered if fewer than a specified number of responses occur in a period of time

Question 44

Spaced-responding DRL

Answer 44

There must be a specified amount of time between responses for the reinforcer to be delivered. The objective is to pace the behavior

Question 45

Interval DRL

Answer 45

Involves dividing a session into intervals and providing the reinforcer if no more than one response occurred in each interval

Question 46

Stereotypic Behavior

Answer 46

Repetitive behavior that does not serve any social function for the person

Question 47

Self-stimulatory behaviors

Answer 47

They produce some form of sensory stimulation for the person

Question 48

Interresponse time (IRT)

Answer 48

Time between responses

Question 49

In ____ DRO the reinforcer was delivered if the problem behavior was absent at the end of the interval

Answer 49

Momentary