Chapter 15:The Cognitive Approach

Question 0

Kelly believed the heart of most psychological problems was…

Answer 0

Anxiety

Question 1

Personal Constructs (Kelly)

Answer 1

Bipolar cognitive structures through which people process information

Question 2

How do you explain individual differences within this cognitive framework?

Answer 2

Each of us possesses a different set of mental representations (expectations, values, and goals)

Question 3

Self-Concept

Answer 3

The cognitive representation of ourselves we have developed

Question 4

Self-Schema

Answer 4

Schema consisting of aspects of a persons life most important Togo. Or her
•Consists of behaviors and attributes most important to you

Question 5

Self-Reference Effect

Answer 5

Retrieving info easier because it relates to you then when trying to relate it to someone else

Question 6

Possible Selves

Answer 6

Cognitive representations of the kind of person we might become someday

Question 7

Possible Selves serve two functions

Answer 7

1. Provide incentives for future behavior

2. To help interpret the meaning of our behavior and the events in our lives

Question 8

Self-Discrepancy Theory

Answer 8

1. Each of us possesses an actual self
2. You also possesses an ideal self
3. Also the ought self (self you believe you should be, what society expects from you)

Question 9

What do cognitive therapists do?

Answer 9

Try to replace self-defeating thoughts with appropriate, positive ones

Question 10

Rational Emotive Therapy (Albert Ellis)

Answer 10

Examines the irrational reasoning causing emotional problems 
•ABC process 
•A=Activating Experience 
•B=The irrational Belief 
•C=The Emotional Consequence

Question 11

Goal of Rational Emotive Therapy

Answer 11

1. Clients must see how they rely on irrational beliefs and thereby identify the fault in their reasoning
2. The therapist works with the client to replace irrational beliefs with rational ones

Question 12

Repertory Grid Technique (Kelly)

Answer 12

1. Test taker creates a list of elements

2. The test takers personal constructs are elicited by comparing and contrasting various elements on the list

Question 13

Limitations of the Grid Technique

Answer 13

1. Unlike other personality measures, the Rep Test does not generate a simple test score
2. Many assumptions underlying the test

Question 14

Strengths of the Cognitive Approach

Answer 14

1. Many of the ideas evolved out of and were developed trough empirical findings
2. It fits well with the current mood of psychology
3. Cognitive approaches to psychotherapy have become particularly popular in recent years

Question 15

Criticisms of the Cognitive Approach

Answer 15

1. Concepts are sometimes too abstract for empirical research
2. There is no single model to organize and guide theory and research

Question 16

Which psychologists is related to Cognitive?

Answer 16

Kelly