Chapter 16 Glycolysis Flashcards
(31 cards)
glycolysis creates ? from ?
pyruvate from glucose
three stages of glycolysis
1) activation 2) split into two G3P 3) make ATP, NADH, and pyruvate
Four molecules in step 1 (activation) of glycolysis
glucose, G6P, F6P, F16BP
two products from F16BP
dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and G3P (GAP)
converts dihydroxyacetone phosphate to G3P
triose phosphate isomerase (TPI)
enzyme that creates dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and G3P from F16BP
aldolase
three enzymes in stage one (activation) of glycolysis
hexokinase, phosphoglucose isomerase, PFK
key regulatory enzyme of glycolysis
PFK
five molecules of step 3 of glycolysis
1,3-BPG (1,3-bisphosphoglycerate), 3-PG, 2-PG, phosphenolpyruvate, pyruvate
enzymes of step 3 of glycolysis
G3P dehydrogenase, PG kinase, PG mutase, enolase, pyruvate kinase (PK)
glycolysis net reaction
Glucose + 2Pi + 2ADP + 2NAD+ goes to 2Pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH + 2H+ +2H2O
enzymes that consume ATP
hexokinase, PFK
enzymes that produce ATP
PG kinase, pyruvate kinase (PK)
enzyme that consumes NAD+
G3P dehydrogenase
three fates of pyruvate
ethanol (fermentation), lactate (fermentation), Acetyl CoA (for further oxidation)
replenish NAD+ for glycolysis through ? rxns
fermentation
common motif in dehydrogenases
rossman fold
fastest enzyme control
allosteric
three types of enzyme control
allosteric, covalent mod., transcriptional control
? is inhibitd by G6P
hexokinase
when PFK is inhibited, ? increases
G6P
PFK is activated by ?
AMP
pyruvate kinase is activated by ?
F16BP
additional regulation of glycolysis in liver
inhibited by ATP and citrate, activated by F26BP, has glucokinase (in addition to hexokinase) that functins when glucose is abundant, pyruvate kinase can be covalently modified
