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Chapter 16 Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Dental carries are what

A

Demineralization of enamel and dentin by fermented sugar by bacteria

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2
Q

Gingivitis

A

Plaque build up between gums

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3
Q

What happens if plaque is not removed

A

Calculus (tartar)

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4
Q

Periodontitis

A

Inflammation periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, cementum could lead to tooth fall out

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5
Q

What causes periodontitis

A

No disorder

Immune dysfunction

AIDS, leukemia, crohns, downs, diabetes, sarcoidosis, neutrophil

DOWNS—>get leukemia

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6
Q

What can periodontal infections lead to

A

Systemic disease (endocarditis, pulmonary brain abscess)

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7
Q

What bacteria cause periodontitis

A

Gram positive oral

Gram negative plaque 9aggregatibacter, porphyromonas, prevotella)

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8
Q

Aphthous ulcer canker sore

A

Shallow hype remix ulcerations covered with thin exudate and a narrow Tim or erythema

Purulent

Genetic

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9
Q

Inflammatory infiltrates aphthous ulcer

A

Mononuclear but neutrophil if secondary bacterial infection

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10
Q

Irritation fibroma

A

Trauma cause submucosal mass of fibrous ct on buccal mucosa

Surgery

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11
Q

Pyogenic granuloma

A

Inflammatory lesion on gingiva of pregnant women and kids

Ulcerated red purple lesion

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12
Q

Are pyogenic granuloma bad

A

May rapidly grow, vascular hemorrhagic

Usually regress with pregnancy

Can become fibroma surgery!

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13
Q

Peripheral ossifying fibroma

A

Common
Arise from pyogenic granuloma or de novo from periodontal ligament
In teen females
Red, ulcerated, nodular lesion of the gingiva

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14
Q

Treat peripheral ozzifying fibroma

A

Remove down or periosteum

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15
Q

Peripheral giant cell granuloma

A

Rare
Gingiva

Aggregation of multinucleated foreign body like giant cells separated by a fibroangiomatous stroma

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16
Q

Acute hermetic gingivitomatitis

A

Gingiva

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17
Q

Recurrent herpes labialis

A

Lips, nasal orifices, buccal mucosa, gingiva, hard palate

LATENT in trigeminal ganglion

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18
Q

Diagnose herpes

A

Tzanck test-microscopic examination of the vesicle fluid

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19
Q

Oral candidas thrush

A

Pseudomembranous
Erythematous
Hyperplastic

Can be scraped off to reveal erythematous inflammatory base

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20
Q

Ztgomycosis

A

Fungal lives on decaying things can be fatal to diabetics

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21
Q

Scarlet fever

A

Red raspberry tongue from group a beta hemolytic strep

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22
Q

Measels

A

Koplick spots

Ulceration buccal mucosa, spotty exanthema, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis

Giant cell

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23
Q

Infectious mono

A

Pharyngitis and tonsillitis with gray white exudative membrane
LAD
Palatal petechiae
EBV

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24
Q

Diphtheria

A

Dirty white fibrinosuppurative tough inflammatory membrane over tonsils and retropharynx

Corynebacterium diptherai

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25
HIV
Herpes Candida Kaposi sarcoma -blue red nodula with spindle cells Hairy leukoplakia
26
Steven johnson
Erythema multiforma Oral maculopapular vesiculobullous eruption follows infection, drug, or cancer Lesions all over skin Life threatening
27
Phenytoin ingestion
GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA
28
Hairy leukoplakia
Lateral border tongue EBV cant be scraped off Balloon cells
29
Who gets leukoplakia and erythroblastosis
Males who smoke older
30
Are leukoplakia and erythroplakia dangerous
Precancerous
31
If symptoms of leukoplakia and erythroplakia
Speckled leukoplakia
32
Leukoplakia
Can’t be scraped off White plaque Sharp border Until proven otherwise all are premalignant
33
Erythroplakia
Red velvety erosions , intense inflammation ,vascular dilation, Severe dysplasia great risk of malignant transformation
34
95% of cancers of the head a neck
Squamous call carcinoma With a high rate of multiple tumors Usually more in oropharynx than oral
35
Risk factor squamous cell carcinoma
Sun, smoking, betel quid and paan chewing, familial (genomic instability), HPV-16
36
Field cancerization of squamous cell carcinoma
Multiple individual primary tumors develop independently in the upper aerodigestive tract as a result of years of chronic exposure of the mucosa to carcinogens Secondary tumors most common cause of death
37
HPV 16 and squamous cell carcinoam
E6 p53 inactivation | E7 RB inactivation
38
Tobacco and alcohol genes for squamous cell carcinoma
TP52, P63, NOTCH1
39
Idealized progression genes
Loss inhibitor, cyclin d1 up
40
Where is squamous cell carcinoma
Tongue, floor, lower lip(pipe), gingiva
41
Can u predict squamous cell carcinoma
No variable differentiation
42
Where does it metasticize
Submandibular, cervical nodes, lungs, liver bones
43
HPV or tobacco better chance of survival
HPV
44
What are odotogenic cysts and tumors
Epithelium lined cysts on the mandible and maxilla from odonotgenic remnants Jaws
45
Dentigerous cyst
Near crown of unerupted teeth Ulilicular lesions most often associated with impacted 3rd molars REMOVE
46
Keratocystic odotongenic tumor
Must be differentiated bc aggressive Males Posterior mandible Prominent basal layer Corrugated epithelial surface
47
Association with keratocystic odontogenic
Goblin syndrome (PTCH tumor suppressor)
48
Why respect keratocystic odontogenic tumor wide margin
Lots recur
49
Periapical cyst
Inflammatory origin From caries or trauma Pulpal tissue necrosis that traverses the tooth length exiting the tooth apex into the surrounding alveolar bone Granuloma From continued presence of bacteria or irritation agent
50
Treat periapical cyst
Remove offending material and restore or extract
51
Odontogenic tumors
Amelobastoma | Odontoma
52
Ameloblastoma
Of odontogenic epithelium No ectomesenchymal differentiation Wide surgical resection
53
Odontoma
More common odontogenic tumor From odontogenic epithelium with extensive deposition of enamel Hamartoma
54
What is Wharton duct
Drains saliva from each bilateral submandibular and sublingual glands to the sublingual carbuncle at the base of the tongue
55
What causes xerostermia
Shortens, radiation, anticholinergics, nerve damage, aging, tobacco, stroke
56
Presentation xerosterma
Tongue fissuring salivary gland enlarged
57
Risk of xerostermia
Dental caries, candida, difficulty swallowing speaking
58
Inflammation salivary can’t causes
Sjorgems, mumps (tropism for parotid), mucocele (most common),
59
Mumps
Desquamation, edema, inflammationspread to CNS testes, pancreas
60
Mucocele
Most common salivary gland lesion with a blue translucent hue Injury! Lower lip trauma
61
Ranula
Mucocele of sublingual gland lined by epithelium | May connect bellies of mylohyoid muscle
62
Sialolithiasis non specific
Obstruction with stone causing periductal edema or impacted food debris Usually submandibular
63
What bacteria cause non specificsialadentis(inflammation)
Staph a | Strep virus ANS
64
Rule for nonspecific sialadentis
Unilateral involvement of a single gland | Usually submandibular
65
Risk of nonspecific sialadentis
Impacted food obstruction or edema around Increased secretions form dehydration may lead to development of bacterial suppurative parotitis in old people that had recent thoracic or abdominal surgery Decreased secretory function (In patients recovering long term phenothiazines that suppress salivary secretion) Obstruction and bacterial invasion
66
Benign neoplasm of salivary gland
Pleomorphic adenoma | Warthin tumor
67
Malignant neoplasm salivary gland
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma | Adenoid cystic carcinoma
68
Rule of salivary gland and malignancy
Smaller the gland, more likely neoplasm malignant
69
Pleomorphic adenoma
Benign tumors that consist of a mixture of ductal and myoepithelial cells, and therefore they show both epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation Mixed
70
What gland for pleomorphic adenoma
Paretic
71
Risk factor pleomorphic adenoma
Ionizing radiation
72
Genetics pleomorphic adenoma
PLAG1 overexpression
73
Morphology pleomorphic adenoma
Epithelial nests in a matrix of myxoid, hyaline, chondrification, or osseous differentiation
74
Prognosis pleomorphic adenoma
10% malignant trans | Recur
75
Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma
From a pleomorphic adenoma so still mixed Most aggressive !!!! High infiltrating high mortality
76
Warthin tumor
Benign occurring in parotid in early life Malignant later in life Second most common Palpable
77
Risk of warthin
Smoking, smoking
78
Morphology warthin
Double layer of neoplastic epithelial cells resting on a dense lymphoid stroma, sometimes bearing germinal centers
79
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Most malignant Parotid Pale grey
80
Morphology mucoepidermoid
Cords, sheets, or cystic arrangements of squamous cells, mucus secreting
81
Genetics muco
Mect1-maml2 fusion gene, balanced (11:19) translocation NOTCH camp
82
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
Slow growing uncommon grow on nerves Worse prognosis if in the minor salivary glands than parotid
83
Acidic cell carcinoma
Normal serous acinar cells Uncommon Parotid Remainder in submandibular Bilateral or multi centric Small discrete lesions that appear encapsulated Clear cytoplasm but sometimes cold or vacuolated Recurrence Prognosis goos

Pathology (36 decks)

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