Chapter 16 Physiological Changes with Aging

Question 1

Muscle
Aging: Muscle power decreases by ______% per year and muscle strength decreases by 1.4% to ______% per year after the age of ______ years.
Immobility: Loss of 1% to 3% strength per day.

Answer 1

Muscle
Aging: Muscle power decreases by 3.5% per year and muscle strength decreases by 1.4% to 2.5% per year after the age of 60 years.
Immobility: Loss of 1% to 3% strength per day.

Question 2

Gait (Decline in speed)
Decline of ______% per year up to age ______ years and ______% per year after ______ years.
Typically increased double limb support, slower speed, shorter stride length, and broader base of support.

Answer 2

Gait (Decline in speed)
Decline of 0.2% per year up to age 63 years and 1.6% per year after 63 years.
Typically increased double limb support, slower speed, shorter stride length, and broader base of support.

Question 3

Bone
Age plays a role in the rate of bone turnover.
Osteoporosis: t-score ______.
Osteopenia: t-score between –______ and –______.

Answer 3

Bone
Age plays a role in the rate of bone turnover.
Osteoporosis: t-score –2.5.
Osteopenia: t-score between –1.0 and –2.5.

Question 4

Cardiovascular
With aging.
Left ventricular \_\_\_\_\_\_.
\_\_\_\_\_\_ systolic blood pressure.
Decreased Arterial \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Decreased Baroreceptor \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Decreased \_\_\_\_\_\_ node automaticity.

Answer 4

Cardiovascular
With aging.
Left ventricular hypertrophy.
Increased systolic blood pressure.
Decreased Arterial compliance.
Decreased Baroreceptor sensitivity.
Decreased Sinoatrial node automaticity.

Question 5

Cardiovascular
With immobility.
Resting tachycardia (HR increases ≈ ______ bpm q2d).
Inordinate HR responses to submaximal exercise.
Decreased Stroke ______.
Decreased Cardiac ______.
Decreased Vo2max.
Postural hypotension (HR ↑ by ≤20 bpm and SBP ↑ ≤20 mm Hg upon rising).

Answer 5

Cardiovascular
With immobility.
Resting tachycardia (HR increases ≈1 bpm q2d).
Inordinate HR responses to submaximal exercise.
Decreased Stroke volume.
Decreased Cardiac output.
Decreased Vo2max.
Postural hypotension (HR ↑ by ≤20 bpm and SBP ↑ ≤20 mm Hg upon rising).

Question 6

Pulmonary
Decreased lung ______.
Decreased vital ______.

Answer 6

Pulmonary
Decreased lung compliance.
Decreased vital capacity.

Question 7

Genitourinary
Decreased ______ blood flow.
Decreased GFR.
Decreased Bladder ______.

Answer 7

Genitourinary
Decreased Renal blood flow.
Decreased GFR.
Decreased Bladder distensibility.

Question 8

Gastrointestinal
Decreased food intake due to:
Diminished \_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_.
\_\_\_\_\_\_ gastric emptying.
Diminished central feeding drive.
\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Change in hepatic metabolism, which changes drug clearance.

Answer 8

Gastrointestinal
Decreased food intake due to:
Diminished taste and odor.
Slow gastric emptying.
Diminished central feeding drive.
Dysphagia.
Change in hepatic metabolism, which changes drug clearance.