Chapter 1.7: A Combined Valence Bond and Molecular Orbital Theory Approach to Covalent Bonding Flashcards Preview

Organic Chemistry > Chapter 1.7: A Combined Valence Bond and Molecular Orbital Theory Approach to Covalent Bonding > Flashcards

Flashcards in Chapter 1.7: A Combined Valence Bond and Molecular Orbital Theory Approach to Covalent Bonding Deck (26)
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1
Q

Define  Sigma (σ) bonding molecular orbital

A

a molecular orbital in which electron density is concentrated between two nuclei; along the axis joining them, and is cylindrically symmetrical

2
Q

Define molecular orbital (MO) theory

A

a theory of chemical bonding in which electrons in molecules occupy molecular orbitals that extend over the entire molecules and are formed by the combination of the atomic orbitals that make up the molecule

3
Q

What is a state of a system at higher energy than the ground state?

A

excited state

4
Q

Define antibonding molecular orbital

A

a molecular orbital in which electrons have a higher energy than they would in isolated atomic orbitals

5
Q

Define sp2 hybrid orbital

A
  • a hybrid atomic orbital formed by the combination of one s orbital and two 2p atomic orbitals
6
Q

Define  pi (п) bonding molecular orbital

A

a covalent bond formed by the overlap of parallel 2p orbitals
• lack of electron density along bond axis
• breaks if rotated 90°

7
Q

Define ground state

A

the lowest energy state of a system

8
Q

Define excited state

A

a state of a system at higher energy than the ground state

9
Q

What is a theory of chemical bonding in which electrons in molecules occupy molecular orbitals that extend over the entire molecules and are formed by the combination of the atomic orbitals that make up the molecule?

A

molecular orbital (MO) theory

10
Q

What is the lowest energy state of a system?

A

ground state

11
Q

What is a molecular orbital in which electrons have a higher energy than they would in isolated atomic orbitals?

A

antibonding molecular orbital

12
Q

What is - a hybrid atomic orbital formed by the combination of one s orbital and two 2p atomic orbitals?

A

sp2 hybrid orbitals

13
Q

What is a hybrid atomic orbital formed by the combination of one s atomic orbital and two 2p atomic orbitals?

A

sp hybrid orbital

14
Q

What is a hybrid atomic orbital formed by the combination of one s atomic orbital and three 2p atomic orbitals?

A

sp3 hybrid orbitals

15
Q

What is a molecular orbital in which electron density is concentrated between two nuclei; along the axis joining them, and is cylindrically symmetrical?

A

 Sigma (σ) bonding molecular orbital

16
Q

Define hybrid orbital

A

an orbital formed by the combination of two or more atomic orbitals

17
Q

Define bonding molecular orbital

A

a molecular orbital in which electrons have a lower energy than they would in isolated atomic orbitals

18
Q

Define sp hybrid orbital

A

a hybrid atomic orbital formed by the combination of one s atomic orbital and two 2p atomic orbitals

19
Q

Define sp3 hybrid orbitals

A

a hybrid atomic orbital formed by the combination of one s atomic orbital and three 2p atomic orbitals

20
Q

What is an orbital formed by the combination of two or more atomic orbitals?

A

hybrid orbitals

21
Q

Define hybridization

A

the combination of atomic orbitals of different types

22
Q

What is the combination of atomic orbitals of different types?

A

hybridization

23
Q

What is a molecular orbital in which electrons have a lower energy than they would in isolated atomic orbitals?

A

bonding molecular orbital

24
Q

What is a model of bonding that places electron pairs between adjacent atoms to create bonds?

A

valence bond theory

25
Q

What is a covalent bond formed by the overlap of parallel 2p orbitals
• lack of electron density along bond axis
• breaks if rotated 90°
?

A

 pi (п) bonding molecular orbital

26
Q

Define valence bond theory

A

a model of bonding that places electron pairs between adjacent atoms to create bonds

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