chapter 18- Study Guide

Question 1

although the heart is the center of the cardiovascular system, ___ transport blood throughout the body.

Answer 1

blood vessels

Question 2

endothelial cells forma continuous lining for the entire vascular system called the ____

Answer 2

Endothelium

Question 3

The term ___ denotes a reduction in arterial flow to a level that is insufficient to meet the oxygen demands of the tissues.

Answer 3

ischemia

Question 4

___ refers to an area of ischemic necrosis in an organ produced by occlusion of its arterial blood supply or venous drainage.

Answer 4

Infarction

Question 5

elevated levels of blood ___ are implicated in the development of atherosclerosis with its attendant risk of heart attack and stroke.

Answer 5

cholesterol

Question 6

Because ___ and ___ are insoluble in plasma, they are encapsulated by a stabilizing coat of water-soluble lipoproteins.

Answer 6

cholesterol and triglycerides

Question 7

The ___ transport cholesterol and triglycerides to various tissues for energy utilization, lipid deposition, steroid hormone production, and bile acid formation.

Answer 7

Lipoproteins

Question 8

Some of the apoproteins activate the __ enzymes that facilitate the removal of lipids from the lipoproteins

Answer 8

chylomicrons

Question 9

There are two sites of lipoprotein synthesis: ___ and ___

Answer 9

Liver and small intestine

Question 10

__ transfer their triglycerides to the cells of adipose and skeletal muscle tissue.

Answer 10

Chylomicrons

Question 11

Lipoprotein measurements are particularly important in person at high risk for development of

Answer 11

coronary heart disease

Question 12

many types of primary hypercholesterolemia have a __ basis

Answer 12

genetic

Question 13

the major risk factor for atherosclerosis is ___

Answer 13

hypercholesterolemia

Question 14

___ closely linked with coronary heart disease and sudden death.

Answer 14

cigarette smoking

Question 15

___ inhibits elements of the anticoagulant cascade and is associated with endothelial damage, which is though to be an important first step in the development of atherosclerosis.

Answer 15

Homocystein

Question 16

An ___ is a freely moving particle such as a blood clot that breaks loose and travels in the larger vessels of the circulating until lodging in a smaller vessel and occluding blood flow.

Answer 16

Embolus

Question 17

___ is an inflammatory arterial disorder that causes thrombus formation.

Answer 17

thromboangitis obliterans