Chapter 19: Secondary Economic Activity

Question 1

Explain industrialised countries

Answer 1

Industrialised countries are located in the developed world. They are the most industrialised regions in the world. A large amount of their population works in the highly paid secondary and tertiary sectors. Eg. Germany

Question 2

Explain newly industrialised countries

Answer 2

Newly industrialised countries are located in the developing world. Most workers are employed in poorly paid manufacturing jobs. Industrial growth in these countries is rapid. Eg. India

Question 3

Explain Industrially emergent countries

Answer 3

Industriali emergent countries are located in the least developed economies. Industry is very limited and the rate of industrial growth is slow. Eg. Ethiopia

Question 4

Name 3 factors that led to the increase of women in industry.

Answer 4

1. Free secondary education in the 1970’s - this gave girls better access to education. Many more went onto third level education and then onto jobs.
2. The Employment equality act - this made discrimination based on gender illegal.
3. The women’s liberation movement in the 1970’s - this led to change in the status of women. Legislation changed allowing women to continue in employment following marriage.

Question 5

Augunish alumina

Answer 5

• Augunish alumina was set up in 1983 by RUSAL.
• It is based on Augunish island on the Shannon estuary.

INPUT- bauxite, caustic soda, electricity.
PROCESS- the bauxite is crushed, mixed with the caustic soda and melted.
OUTPUT- alumina powder, which is used to make aluminium.

• They export to smelters in the UK and Scandinavia.
• They produce over 1.8 million tons of alumina per year.
• It provides 450 jobs.

Question 6

Name some effects of industrial activity on the environment.

Answer 6

• Industry creates jobs which can improve the infrastructure and standard of living.
• But it can also cause pollution which can have a major impact.
• Acid rain

Question 7

Explain acid rain

Answer 7

How it is formed:

When fossil fuels (coal,oil & gas) are burned, they release sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide. This combines with water vapour in the atmosphere and falls as ‘acid rain’.

Effects:

• it washes nutrients out of soil
• it kills fish
• it weathers old stone buildings (limestone)
• it wipes out forests

Solutions:

• use solar and wind power
• use natural gas
• tax cars with high emissions
• develop cleaner cars
• use public transport

How is it measured:

*it is measured using the PH scale