Chapter 2 Flashcards
The damage to an ecosystem caused by a hurricane or flood can be referred to as A. An open system. B. An emergent property. C. Equilibrium in nature. D. A disturbance. E. Negative feedback loop.
D
- The relationship among atoms, elements, and compounds is most like the relationship among which of the following groupings
A. bricks, brick houses, and large brick buildings.
B. grains of sand, rocks, and continents.
C. bricks, sidewalks, and paved roads.
D. ponds, lakes, and oceans.
E. grains of sugar, sugar, and sweetened iced tea.
E
Which of the following is not a molecule? A. O3 B. O2 C. C D. DNA E. H2O
C
- Which of the following statements would change this into a true statement: “Most, but not all, living organisms are made up of organic compounds”?
A. All living organisms are made up of organic compounds.
B. All living organisms are made up of inorganic compounds.
C. Most, but not all, living organisms are made up of inorganic compounds.
D. Most, but not all, living organisms are made up of organic elements.
E. Most, but not all, living organisms are made up of inorganic elements.
A
- Energy is the ability to
A. move objects.
B. become heated.
C. transfer heat from one object to another.
D. All of these are true.
E. Both move objects and transfer heat from one object to another are true.
E
6. Potential energy is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ energy. A. electrical B. motion C. stored D. heat E. latent
C
7. The motion of a rock rolling downhill is known as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ energy. A. kinetic B. latent C. potential D. electrical E. mechanical
A
- Metabolism can be seen as the process of converting
A. energy into matter.
B. potential energy into kinetic energy.
C. kinetic energy into potential energy.
D. atoms into compounds.
E. matter into potential energy.
B
The law of conservation of matter tells us that matter
A. can never be reused.
B. needs to be conserved or it will not be available for future generations.
C. can be destroyed.
D. can be conserved by some adaptive strategies.
E. is used repeatedly.
E
- What implication(s) does the law of conservation of matter have for humans?
A. We cannot create energy because it is neither created nor destroyed.
B. As matter is recycled it loses some of its integrity so we need to be careful when we dispose of goods.
C. Natural resources are unlimited because they are used and reused by living organisms.
D. Disposable goods are not going “away” when we throw them out.
E. All of these are implications of the law of conservation of matter.
D
The first law of thermodynamics and the law of conservation of matter are similar in that
A. under normal circumstances neither energy nor matter is created nor destroyed.
B. both energy and matter are recycled through biological systems.
C. both energy and matter flow in a one-way path through biological systems.
D. under normal circumstances energy and matter are destroyed as they pass through biological systems.
E. The first law of thermodynamics and the law of conservation of matter are not similar.
A
What implication(s) does the second law of thermodynamics have for biological systems?
A. Systems cannot create energy because energy is neither created nor destroyed.
B. With each transformation, less available energy is available to do work so older systems have less energy.
C. A constant supply of energy is necessary for maintenance of biological systems.
D. Energy is unlimited because it is used and reused by living organisms.
E. None of these is an implication of the second law of thermodynamics.
C
Photosynthesis is the process of converting \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ into \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ energy. A. chemical bond energy; kinetic B. solar energy; chemical bond C. solar energy; kinetic D. solar electrical energy; heat E. chemical bond energy; potential
B
Photosynthesis produces sugars from A. water, carbon dioxide, and energy. B. water, other sugars, and oxygen. C. oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water. D. carbon dioxide, enzymes, and energy. E. oxygen, water, and energy.
A
The process of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are similar in that they both
A. capture energy in the form of sugar.
B. occur in all living organisms.
C. temporarily store energy in chemical bonds.
D. capture energy from the sun.
E. none of these are correct.
C
The process of cellular respiration
A. helps primary producers store energy accumulated by chloroplasts.
B. releases energy from chemical bonds of molecules such as glucose.
C. eliminates the need for enzymes in metabolism.
D. does not occur in primary producers.
E. does not occur in detritivores.
B
17. All members of a species that live in the same area at the same time make up a(an) A. species. B. ecosystem. C. community. D. population. E. biome.
D
- A biological community consists of all
A. populations living and interacting in an area.
B. members of a species living in the same area.
C. living things on Earth.
D. populations of a given species.
E. members of a species living in the same biome.
A
- An ecosystem consists of
A. a physical environment within which a biological community lives.
B. the species with which a biological community interacts.
C. a biological community and its physical environment.
D. the primary producers within a biological community.
E. all the species in a biological community.
C
20. The length and complexity of a food web in the Arctic would be \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ when compared to one in the tropical rainforest. A. short and less complex B. short and more complex C. long and less complex D. long and more complex E. about the same
A
Producers rely on the process of ____________ to release chemical energy and consumers rely on the process of ____________ to release chemical energy.
A. cellular respiration; photosynthesis
B. cellular respiration; cellular respiration
C. photosynthesis; cellular respiration
D. photosynthesis; photosynthesis
E. the sun; the sun
B
Primary consumers are also known as A. carnivores. B. scavengers. C. decomposers. D. herbivores. E. top carnivores
D
23. Energy enters a system as sunlight and a producer is able to produce 10 kilograms of tissue. If eaten, the producer would produce about \_\_\_\_\_\_ kilograms of consumer tissue that would provide about \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ kilograms of tissue for a secondary consumer. A. 100; 10 B. 10; 1 C. 100; 1 D. 1; 0.1 E. 10; 0.1
D
Living plants and the ocean are known as “carbon sinks” because
A. they are made of carbon.
B. they create carbon.
C. they destroy carbon.
D. they store carbon.
E. due to gravity, carbon is found closer to the ground.
D
