Chapter 2

Question 1

brain is constantly changing, building new pathways as it adjusts to little mishaps and new experiences

Answer 1

neuroplasticity

Question 2

receive messages from other cells; carries information TO the cell body

Answer 2

dendrites

Question 3

passes messages away form the cell body to other neurons

Answer 3

axon

Question 4

what is multiple sclerosis caused by?

Answer 4

breakdown of the myelin sheath

Question 5

fatty substance covering the axon, acts as an insulator, making the electrical impulse that is carried across the axon more efficient

Answer 5

meylin sheath

Question 6

release information into the gap between neurons

Answer 6

terminal branches of axon

Question 7

the cleft in between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite

Answer 7

synapse

Question 8

gap between neurons

Answer 8

synaptic cleft

Question 9

provide stupport and nutrition to neurons

Answer 9

glial cells

Question 10

a brief electrical charge that travels down its axon

Answer 10

action potential

Question 11

carry messages form the body’s tissues and sensory receptors inward (afferent)

Answer 11

sensory neurons

Question 12

carry instructions from the central nervous system outward to the body’s muscles and glands (efferent)

Answer 12

motor neurons

Question 13

brain and spinal cord; makes decisions
What system?

Answer 13

central nervous system

Question 14

carries the decisions of the CNS to other parts of the body

Answer 14

peripheral nervous system

Question 15

influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion

Answer 15

dopamine

Question 16

olds rat experiment

Answer 16

found that rats would press the lever to provide stimulation to this part of the brain

Question 17

what is dopamine associated with?

Answer 17

• tremors
• schizophrenia
• smooth muscle
• production of pleasure

Question 18

allows voluntary muscle contractions, facilitates memory

Answer 18

acetylcholine

Question 19

add stability to moods; important in sleep regulation

Answer 19

serotonin

Question 20

what happens when you increase serotonin levels?

Answer 20

can cause drowsiness/ sleep issues

Question 21

make you feel better when experiencing pain; function like morphine; influence precetption of pain/ pleasure

Answer 21

endorphins

Question 22

molecules increase a neruotransmitter’s action

Answer 22

agonist

Question 23

decrease a neurotransmitter’s action by blocking production or release

Answer 23

antagonists

Question 24

the brainstem, limbic system and remainging parts

Answer 24

old brain

Question 25

the brain stem is made up of

Answer 25

the pons and medulla

Question 26

automatic functions like heart rate and breathing

Answer 26

medulla

Question 27

regulates broad sleeping and waking cycles

Answer 27

pons

Question 28

takes sensory information and relays it to the appropriate part of the cortex

Answer 28

thalamus

Question 29

system of arousal; consciousness - a network

Answer 29

reticular activating system/ reticular formation

Question 30

responsible for smooth motor movement

Answer 30

cerebellum

Question 31

two lima bean sized enural clusters; enables aggression and fear to stimuli

Answer 31

amygdala

Question 32

food, fight, flight, fornication; important in hunger thirst, agression, fear and sex drive; maintain homeostasis

Answer 32

hypothalamus

Question 33

responsible for learning; critical in formation of new memories particularly spatial ones

Answer 33

hippocampus

Question 34

cerebral cortex; lobes and areas

Answer 34

new brain

Question 35

what are the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex

Answer 35

frontal, pariteal, occipital, and temporal

Question 36

reasoning, speech, decision making, problem solving, motor movements

Answer 36

frontal

Question 37

part of the frontal lobes, involved in personality, critical in social judgement, decision making, goals setting and planning

Answer 37

prefrontal cortex

Question 38

interpretation of body sensations; touch, temperature, pain

Answer 38

parietal lobe

Question 39

hearing and interpretation of auditory

Answer 39

temporal

Question 40

vision and interpretation of visual information

Answer 40

occipital

Question 41

what are the 3 functional areas?

Answer 41

sensory, motor, association (SAM)

Question 42

where are the 3 fucntional areas found?

Answer 42

cerebrum

Question 43

interpretation of touch, sight, sound

Answer 43

sensory

Question 44

voluntary movement

Answer 44

motor area

Question 45

thinking, speech, reasoning; basic functions

Answer 45

association area

Question 46

making inferences, speech, self awareness; controls the left side of the body creativity

Answer 46

right hemisphere

Question 47

quick, literal interpretatins of language; controls the right side of body methodical thinking

Answer 47

left hemisphere

Question 48

corpus callosum

Answer 48

severed in split brain patients. allows us to study the function of each hemisphere of the brain

Question 49

voluntary control of the body movements

Answer 49

somatic nervous system

Question 50

involuntary; heart rate, blood presure, respiration

Answer 50

autonomic nervous system

Question 51

rest and digest

Answer 51

parasympathetic

Question 52

fight or flight, activated under stress

Answer 52

sympathetic

Question 53

uses magnetic fields to produce images of soft tissue (shows structure)

Answer 53

magnetic resonance imaging

Question 54

brain areas are externally stimulated and associated responses are studied

Answer 54

transcranial magnetic stimulation

Question 55

an older techniqe that shows electrical activity of the brain

Answer 55

electroencephalograms