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PSYCH2800: Drugs & Behaviour > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

The Nervous System (53 cards)

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1
Q

DEFINE

Neurons

A

A specialized cell in the nervous system that controls behaviour, sensory information and movement

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2
Q

DEFINE

Glia

A

Cells that support the function of neurons

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3
Q

EXPLAIN

How many neurons do we have in our nervous system?

A

90-100 billion

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4
Q

DEFINE

Action Potentials

A

A sequence of changes in voltages across the membrane

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5
Q

LIST

What are the structures of the neuron?

A
  1. Dendrite
  2. Soma
  3. Axon
  4. Axon Terminal
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6
Q

EXPLAIN

What is the function of a Dendrite in a neuron?

A

Receives information from other neurons

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7
Q

EXPLAIN

What is the soma in a neuron?

A

The cell body of the neuron, containing basic cellular components

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8
Q

EXPLAIN

What is the function of an axon in the neuron?

A

Releases neurotransmitters for signalling with other neurons

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9
Q

EXPLAIN

What is the function of the axon terminal in the neuron?

A

The end of an axon that releases neurochemicals in synapses

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10
Q

EXPLAIN

What is the difference between a Sensory neuron and a Motor neuron?

A

Sensory neurons carrys information towards the Central Nervous System from the brain, while Motor neurons carry information away from the Central Nervous System to the brain

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11
Q

EXPLAIN

Which neuron is Afferent (Towards CNS), and which is Efferent (Away from CNS)?

Sensory and Motor neurons

A

Sensory = Afferent
Motor = Efferent

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12
Q

DEFINE

Interneurons

A

Neurons who are located in the same region of the brain, forming local circuits

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13
Q

LIST

What are the 4 types of Glia?

A
  1. Oligodendrocytes
  2. Astrocytes
  3. Microglia
  4. Ependymal Cells
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14
Q

EXPLAIN

What does Oligodendrocytes do?

A

Form Myelin

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15
Q

EXPLAIN

What do Astrocytes do?

A
  • Helps form blood brain barrier
  • Responds to neuronal injury
  • Supply nutrients to neurons
  • Buffer ions during neuron firing
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16
Q

EXPLAIN

What does Microglia do?

A
  • Act as the immune cells
  • remove cellular waste
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17
Q

DEFINE

What does the Ependymal cells do?

A

Makes Cerebrospinal fluid

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18
Q

DEFINE

Neuroaxis

A

The axis of the neural tube that runs through the spinal cord and brain

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19
Q

DEFINE

Anterior - Posterior

A

Front - Back

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20
Q

DEFINE

Dorsal - Ventral

A

Top - Bottom

not to be confused with above - below

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21
Q

DEFINE

Medial - Lateral

A

Middle - Side

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22
Q

DEFINE

Superior - Inferior

Study These Flashcards
A

Above - Below

Not to be confused with Top - Bottom

23
Q

DEFINE

Somatic Nervous System

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A

Sensory Input and Motor Output

SoMatic

24
Q

DEFINE

Sympathetic Nervous System

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A

Stress response system; Releases norepinephrine onto target cells

“Sympathetic during Stress”

25
# DEFINE Parasympathetic Nervous System
Maintains bodily functions at rest; Releases acetylcholine onto target cells | Opposite of sympathetic
26
# DEFINE Enteric Nervous System
Regulates digestion
27
# LIST What 3 structures are in the Hindbrain?
**Pons**, **Cerebellum** and **Medulla**
28
# EXPLAIN What is the pons in the hindbrain?
**Long axons** projecting to the brain and spinal cord; Involved in **sleep regulation**
29
# EXPLAIN What is the function of the cerebellum?
Balance, Coordination and timing of movement | C for Coordination
30
# EXPLAIN What is the function of the Medulla?
Regulates survival functions; Many cranial nerves orginate here | drug supression of medulla can lead to death
31
# LIST What functions is the vagus nerve involved in for **motor** nerves?
Heart, Lungs, Bronchi, Gastrointestinal tract | *all also involved for sensory nerves*
32
# LIST What functions is the vagus nerve involved in for **sensory** nerves?
Heart, lungs, bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynx, gastrointestinal tract, external ear
33
# LIST What structures are in the midbrain?
* Superior Colliculus * Inferior colliculus * Subtantia Nigra * Ventral Tegmental Area * Periaqueductal Gray | "very MID Vice President, SIS"
34
# EXPLAIN What is the function of the superior colliculus in the midbrain?
Visual Tracking
35
# EXPLAIN What is the function of the inferior colliculus in the midbrain?
Binuaural Hearing
36
# EXPLAIN What is the function of the Subtantia Nigra in the midbrain?
Movement; Origin of dopaminergic fibres that project to the basal ganglia
37
# EXPLAIN What is the function of the Ventral Tegmental Area in the midbrain?
Important in the reward system
38
# EXPLAIN What is the function of the Periaqueductal Gray in the midbrain?
Pain regulation; High in endorphins
39
# LIST What structures are located in the forebrain?
* Thalamus * Hypothalamus * Limbic System * Nucleus Accumbens * Cerebral Cortex * Basal Ganglia
40
# EXPLAIN What is the function of the Thalamus in the forebrain?
Sensory Relay; Important for consciousness | Does not process olfactory input (smell)
41
# EXPLAIN What is the function of the Hypothalamus in the forebrain?
Regulates physiological processes (hunger, thirst, sex drive); Also regulates endrocrine system
42
# LIST What are the parts of the Limbic System?
1. Cingulate Gyrus 2. Hippocampus 3. Amygdala 4. Olfactory Bulb
43
# EXPLAIN What is the function of the Cingulate Gyrus in the Limbic System?
Regulation of emotions, reacts to painful stimuli, memory processing and attention to sensory stimuli
44
# EXPLAIN What is the function of the Hippocampus in the Limbic System?
Learning and Memory
45
# EXPLAIN What is the function of the Amygdala in the Limbic System?
Fear and Agression
46
# EXPLAIN What is the function of the Olfactory Bulb in the Limbic System?
Detection and processing of olfactory stimuli (smells)
47
# EXPLAIN What is the function of the Nucleus Accumbens in the forebrain?
Brains reward center; Dopamine release | Activated by addictive drugs
48
# LIST What are the 4 major lobes in the cerebral Cortex and their job?
**Occipital**: Visual processing **Temporal**: Auditory processing **Parietal**: Somatosensory Cortex **Frontal**: Attention span, short-term memory and decision making
49
# LIST What are the 3 things that make up the Basal Ganglia?
Caudate, Putamen, and Globus Pallidus
50
# DEFINE What is the function of the Basal Ganglia in the forebrain?
Voluntary movement and Habitual movement
51
# DEFINE Meninges
3 layers of membrane that surround the brain and spinal cord
52
# DEFINE What is Cerebrospinal fluid?
A clear fluid produced by cells in the brain that provides cushioning between the meninges for the brain and spinal cord
53
# DEFINE Polymorphism
The differences in a gene sequence that results in a change in protein expression

PSYCH2800: Drugs & Behaviour (13 decks)

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