Chapter 2, 3

Question 1

Protons have what kind of charge?

Answer 1

Positive

Question 2

Electrons have what kind of charge?

Answer 2

Negative

Question 3

Neutrons have what kind of charge?

Answer 3

Neutral

Question 4

What is considered to be the basic building block of matter?

Answer 4

The atom

Question 5

Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons are generally referred to as…?

Answer 5

Fundamental particles

Question 6

The nucleus of an atom is made up of what?

Answer 6

Protons and Neutrons (collectively called nucleons)

Question 7

What particles are orbiting the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 7

Electrons

Question 8

If the atom gains an extra electron, the atom will have a net negative charge, which is also called…

Answer 8

A negative ion, or anion

Question 9

If the atom loses an electron, the atom will have a net positive charge, which is also called…

Answer 9

A positive ion, or cation

Question 10

The force that holds the protons and neutrons together to form the nucleus of the atom..

Answer 10

Binding energy

Question 11

The two types of atomic interactions in the x-ray tube that produces x-rays…

Answer 11

Characteristic and Bremsstrahlung

Question 12

What are the energy levels of an atom called?

Answer 12

Electron Shells

Question 13

Each electron shell of an atom is labeled starting with the letter ____.

Answer 13

K

Question 14

The ____ shell has the greatest binding energy.

Answer 14

K (Closest to the nucleus)

Question 15

What is the octet rule?

Answer 15

States that a maximum of 8 electrons may be present in the outermost shell of any atom

Question 16

Atomic number refers to…?

Answer 16

The number of protons the nucleus of the atom contains

Question 17

Atomic mass refers to…?

Answer 17

The number of protons plus neutrons an atom’s nucleus contains

Question 18

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 18

A chemical bond that’s formed when an atom transfers and electron to another atom

Question 19

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 19

A chemical bond formed when two or atoms share electrons

Question 20

What are the only energy waves capable of ionizing matter?

Answer 20

X-rays and gamma rays

Question 21

What energy waves are used in MRI?

Answer 21

Radiowaves

Question 22

Nuclear medicine uses what type of energy waves?

Answer 22

Gamma rays

Question 23

All electromagnetic radiation has no mass, carries energy in waves, and travels…

Answer 23

At the speed of light

Question 24

All electromagnetic radiation travels at the same velocity, and varies only in their…?

Answer 24

Energy, wavelength, and frequency

Question 25

What can exist apart from matter and can travel through a vacuum?

Answer 25

Electromagnetic energy

Question 26

Energy is measured in what unit?

Answer 26

Electron volts

Question 27

Wavelength

Answer 27

Measure of distance from the peak of one wave to the peak of the next wave

Question 28

Frequency

Answer 28

Number of waves that pass a given point per second

Question 29

The relationship between wavelength and frequency is...

Answer 29

Inverse (longer wavelength, lower frequency or shorter wavelength, higher frequency)

Question 30

Wavelength is generally expressed in...

Answer 30

Meters (m)

Question 31

Frequency is generally expressed in...

Answer 31

Hertz (hz)

Question 32

The intensity of electromagnetic radiation ___________ over distance.

Answer 32

Decreases

Question 33

Higher-energy electromagnetic radiation tends to exhibit more ________ characteristics.

Answer 33

Particle

Question 34

Lower-energy electromagnetic radiation tends to exhibit more __________ characteristics.

Answer 34

Wave

Question 35

What is ionization?

Answer 35

The removal of an electron from an atom

Question 36

What is an ion pair?

Answer 36

The atom and the electron that was removed from it