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Flashcards in Chapter 2 Deck (24)
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1
Q

Chromosomes

A
  • structures that contain genetic material

- we have 23

2
Q

DNA

A

the molecule that composes one chromosome and is the biochemical basis of heredity

3
Q

gene

A

the biochemical instruction that is produced by a group of chemical compounds within a strand of DNA

4
Q

genotype

A

a person’s complete set of genes

5
Q

phenotype

A

observable features that result from the interactions between a person’s genes and the environment

6
Q

behavioral genetics

A

study of the extent to which genetic and environmental differences contribute to difference in traits

7
Q

dizygotic twins

A
  • two zygotes/fertilized ova

- most common

8
Q

monozygotic twins

A
  • one zygote that divides into two individuals

- share genes

9
Q

twin studies

A

studies of twins, both identical and fraternal, reared apart and together

10
Q

adoption studies

A

are adopted children more similar to biological parents or to adoptive parents?

11
Q

family studies

A

studies of siblings with different degrees of genetic similarity and vary environments

12
Q

3 stages of prenatal development

A
  • zygote
  • embryo
  • fetus
13
Q

conception

A
  • once a month an ovum (female egg)
  • moves through fallopian tube to uterus
  • uterus is where baby develops during pregnancy
  • if not fertilized it disintegrates and is flushed away with menstruation
14
Q

zygote

A
  • month 1
  • fertilized egg reaches the uterus and attaches itself to the uterus
  • cell multiplication begins
  • internal organs and circulatory system begins to form
  • cell division takes place at the end of two weeks
  • heart begins to beat
  • small bumps show beginnings of arms and legs.
15
Q

embryo

A
  • month 2
  • all major organ systems develop
  • placenta and umbilical cord develop
  • amniotic fluid surrounds baby
  • face and limbs take shape
16
Q

fetus

A
  • month 3 (longest period)
  • nostrils, mouth, lips, teeth buds, and eyelids forms
  • arms, legs, fingers and toes are almost complete
  • all internal organs present - but aren’t ready to function
  • the genital organs can be recognized as male or female
17
Q

lanugo

A

thick downy hair covering fetus

18
Q

vernix

A

a protective coating that forms on baby’s skin

19
Q

mother’s nutrition

A
  • balanced diet essential
  • proteins, vitamins, and minerals
  • increase caloric intake 10-20%
20
Q

Risk factors

A
  • nutrition
  • stress
  • age
  • teratogens
21
Q

teratogen

A
  • an agent that causes abnormal prenatal development

- drugs, disease, environmental hazards.

22
Q

fetal medicine

A

treating prenatal problems before births

23
Q

genetic engineering

A

replacing defective genes with synthetic normal ones

24
Q

infant mortality rate

A

percentage of infants who die before their 1st birthday