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Medical terminology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of the structures of the body

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2
Q

Anatomic reference systems

A

Used to describe the locations of the structural unit of the body

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3
Q

Physiology

A

Study of the functions of the structures of the body

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4
Q

PHYSI

A

Nature or physical

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5
Q

Anatomic position

A

Describes the body standing in standard position

Standing up straight so the body is erect and facing forward. Holding the arms at the side with the hands turn to so the palms facing toward front

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6
Q

Body planes

A

Imaginary vertical and horizontal lines dividing the body

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7
Q

Vertical plane

A

Up and down plane

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8
Q

Midsagittal plane

A

A.k.a. midline divided into equal left and right halves

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9
Q

Frontal plane

A

Vertical plane divides the body into front and back

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10
Q

Anterior

A

Front

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11
Q

Posterior

A

Back

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12
Q

Horizontal plane

A

Flat crosswise like the horizon

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13
Q

Transverse plane

A

Horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions

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14
Q

Superior

A

Upper

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15
Q

Inferior

A

Lower

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16
Q

Ventral

A

Front of the organ or body

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17
Q

VENTR

A

Belly side of the body

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18
Q

Dorsal

A

Back of the body or Organ

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19
Q

DORS

A

Back of the body

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20
Q

Cephalic

A

Toward the head

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21
Q

Caudal

A

Toward the feet

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22
Q

Anterior

A

Situated in the front also means on the front or forward part of Organ

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23
Q

Posterior

A

Situated in back also means back part of an organ

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24
Q

Proximal

A

Situated nearest the midline or beginning of structure

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25
Q

Distal

A

Situated farthest from the midline or beginning of structure

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26
Q

Medial

A

Direction toward or near the midline

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27
Q

Lateral

A

Direction toward or near the side of the body away from the midline

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28
Q

Two major body cavities

A

Dorsal and ventral

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29
Q

Dorsal cavity

A

Located along the back of the body and head contains the nervous system that coordinates body functions divided into two parts

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30
Q

Cranial cavity

A

Located within the skull surrounds and protects the brain

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31
Q

Spinal cavity

A

Located within the spinal column, surrounds and protects the spinal cord

32
Q

Ventral cavity

A

Located along the front of the body, contains the organs that sustain homeostasis

33
Q

Homeostasis

A

Process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment

34
Q

HOME/O

A

Constant

35
Q

Stasis

A

Control

36
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

A.k.a. chest cavity or thorax, surrounds and protects the heart and lungs

37
Q

Diaphragm

A

Muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities

38
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

Contains the major organs of digestion

39
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

Space formed by hip bones and contains organs of reproductive and excretory systems

40
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

Refers to abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity as a single unit. There is no physical division between the two

41
Q

Inguinal

A

Relating to the groin, refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen

42
Q

Hypochondriac

A

Below the ribs

43
Q

Epigastric region

A

Located above the stomach

44
Q

Right and left hypochondriac regions

A

Covered by the lower ribs

45
Q

Regions of the thorax and abdomen

A

Descriptive system that divides the abdomen and lower portion of the thorax into nine parts

46
Q

Right and left lumbar regions

A

Located near the inward curve of the spine

47
Q

Lumbar

A

Part of the back between the ribs and pelvis

48
Q

Umbilical region

A

Surrounds the umbilicus

49
Q

Right and left iliac regions

A

Located near the hip bones

50
Q

Hypogastric region

A

Located below the stomach. Hypo means below GASTR mean stomach

51
Q

Quadrant

A

Divided into four

52
Q

RUQ

A

Right upper quadrant

53
Q

LUQ

A

Left upper quadrant

54
Q

RLQ

A

Right lower quadrant

55
Q

LLQ

A

Left lower quadrant

56
Q

Peritoneum

A

Multi layered membrane that protects and holds organs in place within the abdominal cavity

57
Q

Membrane

A

Thin layer of tissue that covers the surface, mines a cavity, or divide the space or Organ

58
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

The outer layer of the peritoneum

59
Q

Mesentery

A

Fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall

60
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

Inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the of Abdominal cavity

61
Q

Retroperitoneal

A

Located behind the peritoneum

62
Q

Name the four structures of the body from smallest to largest

A

Cells form tissues, tissues form organs, organs form body systems

63
Q

Selves

A

Basic structural and functional units of the body

64
Q

Cytology

A

Study of the anatomy physiology pathology and chemistry of the cell

65
Q

Cytologist

A

Specialist in the study and analysis of cells

66
Q

Cell membrane

A

Tissue that surrounds and protects the cell

67
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Material that is within the cell not part of the nucleus

68
Q

Nucleus

A

Controls the activities of the cell and helps it divide

69
Q

Stem cells

A

Unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division

70
Q

Adult stem cells/somatic stem cells

A

Undifferentiated cells found among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ

71
Q

Undifferentiated

A

Not having a specialized function or structure

72
Q

Differentiated

A

Having a specialized function of structure

73
Q

Embryonic stem cells

A

Undifferentiated cells that are unlike any specific adult cell. Very important ability to form any adult cell

74
Q

Cord blood

A

Where embryonic stem cells come from found in the umbilical cord and percent of newborn infant

75
Q

Genome

A

Complete set of genetic information of the organism

76
Q

Chromosome

A

Genetic structure located within the nucleus of a cell

77
Q

DNA abbreviation

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Medical terminology (2 decks)

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