Chapter 2 Flashcards by Julie Montero

cell

basic unit of all living things

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cell membrane

forms the boundary of the cell

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cytoplasm

gel-like fluid inside the cell

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nucleus

largest structure inside the cell. contains chromosomes for cellular reproduction. control center & source of energy production

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chromosomes

in the nucleus of the cell. 46 chromosomes in normal human cells / mature sex cells 23

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genes

regions w/in the chromosome. each chromosome has thousands of genes that determine hereditary characteristics

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DNA

(deoxyribonucleic acid) comprises each gene; genetic material that regulates the activities of the cell.

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tissue

group of similar cells that perform a specific function

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muscle tissue

composed of cells that have an ability to contract, usually producing movement

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nervous tissue

cells found in nerves, spinal cord and brain. coordinates and controls body activities

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connective tissue

connects, supports, penetrates and encases various body structures i.e. adipose (fat), osseous (bone) tissues and blood. fibrous tissue ligaments and tendons

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epithelial tissue

major covering of the external surface of the body (skin); forms membranes that line body cavities and organs and is the major tissue in glands.

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organ

two or more types of tissues that together perform special body functions.

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viscera

large internal organs

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system

group of organs that work together to perform complex body functions

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cranial cavity

space inside the skull containing the brain

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spinal cavity

space inside the spinal column containing spinal cord

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thoracic cavity

space containing heart, aorta, lungs, esophagus, trachea, bronchi, and mediastinal area

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abdominal cavity

space containing stomach, intestines, kidneys, adrenal glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen and ureters

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pelvic cavity

space containing urinary bladder, certain reproductive organs, parts of small and large intestine, and the anus

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abdominopelvic cavity

both the pelvic and abdominal cavities

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aden/o

gland

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cyt/o

cell

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epitheli/o

epithelium

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fibr/o

fiber

hist/o

tissue

kary/o

nucleus

lip/o

fat

my/o

muscle

neur/o

nerve

organ/o

organ

sarc/o

flesh, connective tissue

system/o

system

viscer/o

internal organs

cancer/o, carcin/o

cancer

eti/o

cause (of disease)

gno/o

knowledge

iatr/o

physician, medicine, treatment

lei/o

smooth

onc/o

tumor, mass

path/o

disease

rhabd/o

rod-shaped, striated

somat/o

body

chlor/o

green

chrom/o

color

cyan/o

blue

erythr/o

red

leuk/o

white

melan/o

black

xanth/o

yellow

dia-

through, complete

dys-

painful, abnormal, difficult, labored

hyper-

above, excessive

hypo-

below, incomplete, deficient, under

meta-

after, beyond, change

neo-

new

pro-

before

-al, -ic, -ous

pertaining to

-cyte

cell

-gen

substance or agent that produces or causes

-genic

producing, originating, causing

-logist

one who studies and treats

-logy

study of

-megaly

enlargement

-oid

resembling

-oma

tumor, swelling

-osis

abnormal condition

-pathy

disease

-plasia

condition of formation, development, growth

-plasm

growth, substance, formation

-sarcoma

malignant tumor

-sis

state of

-stasis

control, stop, standing

adenocarcinoma

cancerous tumor of glandular tissue

adenoma

tumor composed of glandular tissue (benign)

carcinoma (CA)

cancerous tumor (malignant)

chloroma

green tumor (malignant from myeloid tissue)

epithelioma

epithelium tumor (malignant or benign)

fibroma

fiber tumor (benign)

fibrosarcoma

fiber tumor (malignant)

leiomyoma

smooth muscle tumor (benign)

leiomyosarcoma

smooth muscle tumor (malignant)

lipoma

fat tumor (benign)

liposarcoma

fat tumor (malignant)

melanocarcinoma

cancerous black tumor (malignant)

melanoma

black tumor (primarily of skin)

myoma

muscle tumor (benign)

neoplasm

new growth (of abnormal tissue, benign or malignant)

neuroma

nerve tumor (benign)

rhabdomyoma

striated muscle tumor (benign)

rhabdomyosarcoma

striated muscle tumor (malignant)

sarcoma

highly malignant tumor of connective tissue (bone or cartilage)

oncology

study of tumors

cytogenic

producing cells

cytoid

resembling a cell

cytology

study of cells

cytoplasm

cell substance

dysplasia

abnormal development

epithelial

pertaining to epithelium

erythrocyte (RBC)

red blood cell

erythrocytosis

increase in the number of red blood cells

histology

study of tissue

hyperplasia

excessive development

hypoplasia

incomplete development

karyocyte

cell with nucleus

karyoplasm

substance of a nucleus

leukocyte (WBC)

white blood cell

leukocytosis

increase in number of white blood cells

lipoid

resembling fat

myopathy

disease of the muscle

neuroid

resembling a nerve

organomegaly

enlargement of an organ

somatic

pertaining to the body

somatogenic

originating in the body

somatopathy

disease of the bofy

systemic

pertaining to a body system (or body as a whole)

visceral

pertaining to the internal organs

cancerous

pertaining to cancer

carcinogen

substance that causes cancer

carcinogenic

producing cancer

cyanosis

blue skin (inadequate supply of O2 in the blood)

diagnosis (dx)

state of complete knowledge

etiology

study of causes (of disease)

iatrogenic

produced by a physician (unexpected result)

iatrology

study of medicine

metastasis (metastases, METS)

beyond control (transfer of cells from one organ to another / malignant tumors)

oncogenic

causing tumors

oncologist

physical who studies and treats tumors

oncology

study of tumors

organic

pertaining to an organ

pathogenic

producing disease

pathologist

physician who studies diseases

pathology

study of disease

prognosis (px)

state of before knowledge

xanthochromic

pertaining to yellow color

xanthosis

abnormal condition of yellow

afebrile

without fever

apoptosis

programmed cell death (some cancers disrupt apoptosis)

benign

not malignant, nonrecurrent, favorable for recovery

biological therapy

treatment of cancer w/ biological response modifiers that work with the immune system

carcinoma in situ

cancer in the early stage before invading surrounding tissue

chemotherapy (chemo)

treatment of cancer with drugs

encapsulated

enclosed with a capsule, benign or malignant tumors that have NOT spread beyond the organ it originated in

exacerbation

increase in the severity of a disease or it's symptoms

idiopathic

pertaining to disease of unknown origin

in vitro VS in vivo

in vitro - outside the body in a lab | in vivo - within the living body

malignant

tending to become progressively worse and to cause death

morbidity

state of being diseased

mortality

state of being mortal (death)

palliative

providing relief but not cure

radiation therapy (XRT)

treatment of cancer with radioactive substance

remission

improvement or absence of signs of disease

Chapter 2 Flashcards

Body Structure, Color, Oncology