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Biology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

occupies space and has mass

A

matter

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2
Q

quantity of matter in an object

A

mass

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3
Q

purest form of matter

A

element

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4
Q

fundamental unit of matter

A

atom

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5
Q

3 parts of an atom

A

proton, neutron, electron

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6
Q

protons and neutrons are found in

A

the nucleus

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7
Q

protons and neutrons have

A

one atomic mass unit

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8
Q

electrons are found in

A

clouds around the nucleus

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9
Q

electrons have

A

no mass

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10
Q

number of protons in the nucleus

A

atomic number

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11
Q

number of protons and neutrons

A

atomic weight

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12
Q

different number of neutrons than original

A

isotopes

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13
Q

has the same number of protons and electrons

A

isotopes

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14
Q

unstable and emits energy

A

radioactive isotopes

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15
Q

atoms coming together forming molecules

A

chemical bonding

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16
Q

what are the 3 types of bonds?

A
  1. Covalent
  2. ionic
  3. hydrogen
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17
Q

atoms share electrons (holding hands)

A

covalent

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18
Q

atoms transfer electrons (fist bump)

A

ionic

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19
Q

hydrogen bonds can only happen when

A

a covalent bond has already happened

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20
Q

attractions between a positively charged hydrogen and a weak, negatively charged atom (like oxygen)

A

hydrogen bond

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21
Q

how many electrons does the first energy level hold?

A

2

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22
Q

how many electrons do the outer energy levels hold?

A

8

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23
Q

an element is more reactive when…

A

it needs more electrons to become stable

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24
Q

used to measure acids and bases

A

pH scale

25
Q

what determines acididity or how basic?

A

concentration of hydrogen ions

26
Q

releases a hydrogen ion when dissolved in water?

A

acid

27
Q

release hydroxide ions when dissolved in water

A

base

28
Q

acids are proton _______

A

donors- H+ in solution

29
Q

bases are proton ______

A

acceptors- OH- in solution

30
Q

love water/ water soluble/ polar

A

hydrophillic

31
Q

hate water/ lipid soluble/ non polar

A

hyrdrophobic

32
Q

covalent bonds share ____________ becoming a molecule

A

valence electrons

33
Q

power to attract electrons

A

electronegativity

34
Q

electronegativity causes molecules to take on a __________

A

polarity

35
Q

covalent bonds can be either…

A

polar or non polar

36
Q

unequal sharing of electrons (partially charged atoms)

A

polar

37
Q

equal sharing of electrons (no partial charge)

A

non polar

38
Q

can polar and non polar mix?

A

NO

39
Q

different number of electrons than protons

A

ions

40
Q

more electrons than protons

A

anion

41
Q

more protons than electrons

A

cation

42
Q

electrostatic attraction between ions

A

ionic bond

43
Q

anions attract ….

A

cations

44
Q

2 polar covalently bonded molecules attracted by electronegativity

A

hydrogen bonding

45
Q

holds water together

A

hydrogen bonding

46
Q

homogeneous mixture of 2+ molecules, atoms, or ions

A

solution

47
Q

same throughout whole mixture

A

homogeneous

48
Q

compound dissolved in solution

A

solute

49
Q

compound doing the dissolving

A

solvent

50
Q

substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio

A

compound

51
Q

an element that is essential for life but required in extremely minute amounts

A

trace elements

52
Q

breaking existing chemical bonds and forming new ones

A

chemical reactions

53
Q

energy associated with the random movement of atoms and molecules

A

thermal energy

54
Q

tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick together

A

cohesion

55
Q

the clinging of one substance to another

A

adhesion

56
Q

measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid

A

surface tension

57
Q

Thermal energy in transfer from a warmer to a cooler body of matter

A

heat

58
Q

measures the intensity of heat

A

temperature

59
Q

substances that minimize changes in pH

A

buffers

Biology (24 decks)

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