Chapter 2

Question 1

occupies space and has mass

Answer 1

matter

Question 2

quantity of matter in an object

Answer 2

mass

Question 3

purest form of matter

Answer 3

element

Question 4

fundamental unit of matter

Answer 4

atom

Question 5

3 parts of an atom

Answer 5

proton, neutron, electron

Question 6

protons and neutrons are found in

Answer 6

the nucleus

Question 7

protons and neutrons have

Answer 7

one atomic mass unit

Question 8

electrons are found in

Answer 8

clouds around the nucleus

Question 9

electrons have

Answer 9

no mass

Question 10

number of protons in the nucleus

Answer 10

atomic number

Question 11

number of protons and neutrons

Answer 11

atomic weight

Question 12

different number of neutrons than original

Answer 12

isotopes

Question 13

has the same number of protons and electrons

Answer 13

isotopes

Question 14

unstable and emits energy

Answer 14

radioactive isotopes

Question 15

atoms coming together forming molecules

Answer 15

chemical bonding

Question 16

what are the 3 types of bonds?

Answer 16

1. Covalent
2. ionic
3. hydrogen

Question 17

atoms share electrons (holding hands)

Answer 17

covalent

Question 18

atoms transfer electrons (fist bump)

Answer 18

ionic

Question 19

hydrogen bonds can only happen when

Answer 19

a covalent bond has already happened

Question 20

attractions between a positively charged hydrogen and a weak, negatively charged atom (like oxygen)

Answer 20

hydrogen bond

Question 21

how many electrons does the first energy level hold?

Answer 21

2

Question 22

how many electrons do the outer energy levels hold?

Answer 22

8

Question 23

an element is more reactive when…

Answer 23

it needs more electrons to become stable

Question 24

used to measure acids and bases

Answer 24

pH scale

Question 25

what determines acididity or how basic?

Answer 25

concentration of hydrogen ions

Question 26

releases a hydrogen ion when dissolved in water?

Answer 26

acid

Question 27

release hydroxide ions when dissolved in water

Answer 27

base

Question 28

acids are proton _______

Answer 28

donors- H+ in solution

Question 29

bases are proton ______

Answer 29

acceptors- OH- in solution

Question 30

love water/ water soluble/ polar

Answer 30

hydrophillic

Question 31

hate water/ lipid soluble/ non polar

Answer 31

hyrdrophobic

Question 32

covalent bonds share ____________ becoming a molecule

Answer 32

valence electrons

Question 33

power to attract electrons

Answer 33

electronegativity

Question 34

electronegativity causes molecules to take on a __________

Answer 34

polarity

Question 35

covalent bonds can be either...

Answer 35

polar or non polar

Question 36

unequal sharing of electrons (partially charged atoms)

Answer 36

polar

Question 37

equal sharing of electrons (no partial charge)

Answer 37

non polar

Question 38

can polar and non polar mix?

Answer 38

NO

Question 39

different number of electrons than protons

Answer 39

ions

Question 40

more electrons than protons

Answer 40

anion

Question 41

more protons than electrons

Answer 41

cation

Question 42

electrostatic attraction between ions

Answer 42

ionic bond

Question 43

anions attract ....

Answer 43

cations

Question 44

2 polar covalently bonded molecules attracted by electronegativity

Answer 44

hydrogen bonding

Question 45

holds water together

Answer 45

hydrogen bonding

Question 46

homogeneous mixture of 2+ molecules, atoms, or ions

Answer 46

solution

Question 47

same throughout whole mixture

Answer 47

homogeneous

Question 48

compound dissolved in solution

Answer 48

solute

Question 49

compound doing the dissolving

Answer 49

solvent

Question 50

substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio

Answer 50

compound

Question 51

an element that is essential for life but required in extremely minute amounts

Answer 51

trace elements

Question 52

breaking existing chemical bonds and forming new ones

Answer 52

chemical reactions

Question 53

energy associated with the random movement of atoms and molecules

Answer 53

thermal energy

Question 54

tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick together

Answer 54

cohesion

Question 55

the clinging of one substance to another

Answer 55

adhesion

Question 56

measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid

Answer 56

surface tension

Question 57

Thermal energy in transfer from a warmer to a cooler body of matter

Answer 57

heat

Question 58

measures the intensity of heat

Answer 58

temperature

Question 59

substances that minimize changes in pH

Answer 59

buffers