Chapter 2 - Disease And Biogenetics Flashcards
What is a catalyst
It speeds up the rate of reaction
What is an enzyme
A large protein the catalyses reactions
How does temperature effect enzymes
It increases the rate of reaction. Too much, however, denatures the enzyme therefore reaction slows down
What is an active site
Where the enzyme brakes down the substrate
What is the lock and key theory
The enzyme’s active site fits perfectly like a lock and key with the substrate
How does denatured enzymes effect the lock and key theroy
The denatured enzyme’s active site is shaped differently therefore substrate is less effective of fitting.
What are the 3 enzymes and what reactions do they catalyse
1) amylase - starch to maltose
2) Prorese - protein to amino acids
3) lipase - lipids to fatty acids
What are the 5 layers of a leaf tissue
1) Waxy cuticle
2) Upper epidermis
3) Palisade mesophyll
4) Spongy mesophyll
5) Lower epidermis
What is the stomata
Small openings in the underside of the leaf for water loss and gas exchange
What are the functions of the xylem and phloem
Xylem - pulls water from the roots
Phloem - dissolves sugars through the plant
What is a pathogen
A microorganism that causes disease (bacteria, virus, fungi, protists)
What are viruses and bacteria
Virus - live and reproduce Inside an organisms cells
Bacteria - reproduce rapidly inside organisms. Release toxins which damage cells
Name a disease caused by fungi and protists
Fungi - Rose back spot
Protists - Malaria
What are the non specific defences
Nose, skin and stomach
What do white blood cells do?
There are 2 types: lymphocytes and phagocytes. Both fight pathogens
