Who is known as the father of scientific management and what did he do?
Fredrick Taylor revolutionized assembly lines
What is work simplification and what 3 errors did it occur in?
More efficient work methods in the home or in other settings between 1900 and now
Premodern: Early 1900’s
Modern: 1950’s
Postmodern: Early 21st century
Describe the premodern era of work simplification
Families made their own clothes, food and household cleaning products. They were likely to only buy basics like soap and flour. People were collectors more than decorators
Describe the modern era of work simplification
Bought most of their clothing, food, and household cleaning products. End of world war 2 brought an all-time housing demand. Most houses had indoor plumbing, electricity, laundry equipment, and a modern kitchen
Describe the postmodern era of work simplification
Ordering and selling more products from the internet, rely heavily on stores for everything. Going out to restaurants and grocery stores. Preparation of frozen food is common and homes are considerably larger
what are the four principle areas of family/home management and when did they occur?
Era one : 1900-1930
Era two : 1940’s- early 1950’s
Era three : 1950’s - 1960’s
Era four: 1970’s - 1980’s
Describe era one of family/home management
Health, sanitation, hygiene and the importance of household production as a legitimate form of economic production
Describe era two of family/home management
Household equipment, efficiency, step saving, standardized work units. World war II influences household consumption and production
Describe era three of family/home management
Family values, goals, standards, resources, decision making, optimization of families, gradual swing away from work performance in the home. the corporate world grows
Describe era four of family/home management
Development of a systems framework emphasizing the interconnections among family, home, and the greater society
Research is
The collection, processing, and analysis of information
What are the two categories most management falls into?
a) Financial or economic resources
b) Family or household resources
Theory is
an organized system of ideas or beliefs that can be measured, it is a system of assumptions or principles
Theories provide a useful way to what
organize information
Theories help predict ____
Behaviour
A theory summarizes what
what is known about a phenomenon and permits the formation of hypotheses or future occurrences
Define Controlling
Refers to the things people do to check their course of action
What is the underlying principle underlying systems theory?
That the whole is greater than the sum of its parts
What does systems theory emphasize?
The interconnectedness and interactions among different systems
A system is ?
an integrated set of parts that function together for some end purpose or result
True or false; systems can be composed of biotic or abiotic things
true
What is a subsystem?
Parts of the larger system
Individuals are _____ of families
subsystems
Define interface
The place or point where independent systems or diverse groups interact
Define boundaries
the limits or borders between systems
Define morphogenic systems
Adaptive to change and are relatively open, boundaries are permeable
Define morphostatic systems
Resistant to change, are stable and relatively closed
Define inputs
Anything that is brought into the system
The processing of inputs is called what
Throughput or transformations
throughput or transformations refer to what
the transitions from one system to another
Define outputs
the end results
Define demands
Events or goals that require action for their fulfillment
Define sequencing
occurs when one thing follows the other
Define positive feedback
Information put into the system that anticipates and promotes change, indicates a new course of action is needed
Define negative feedback
Information put into a system that indicates that the system is deviating from its normal course and that corrective measures may be necessary if desired state is to be maintained
A system seeks what
Equilibrium
Define equilibrium
Feedback causes the system to readjust itself with a tendency towards wanting to put things back the way they were
What is Murphy’s law?
If something can go wrong it will
What are the 4 tendencies that exist in all systems and define each other
a) Entropy: Tendency toward randomness and disorder, more likely to occur in closed system
b) Homeostasis: Tendency to maintain balance
c) Equifinality: The phenomenon in which different circumstances and opportunities may lead to similar outcomes, goals are the game but there are different ways to get there
d) Multifinality: Refers to the phenomenon in which the same initial circumstances or conditions may lead to different conclusions or outcomes
What is one goal of personal systems management?
To recognize and to make productive the specific strengths and abilities of each individual
What 5 subsystems are apart of personal systems management?
1) Biological
2) Physiological
3) Behavioural
4) Psychological
5) Social
What is one goal of family systems management?
To recognize and to make productive the specific strengths and ability of each family
Define boundary ambiguity
Members are unsure where the lines are, how daily life should be arranged and who should be invited to family events
What type of families is boundary ambiguity common?
Blended families
What is ecology
The study of how living things relate to their natural environment
What is human ecology?
Humans interacting with their environment
What is a microenvironment and give an example
The environment that closely surrounds individuals and families
ex; apartment, classrooms
What is a macroenvironment and give an example
The environment that surrounds and encompasses the microenvironment
ex; trees, sky, oceans
Define family ecosystems
A subsystem of human ecology that emphasizes the interactions between families and environments
What is the social exchange theory?
Focuses on individual resources and the trading or bartering of these resources, often related to power in families
Define optimization
Obtaining the best result, the effective use of resources to gain maximum satisfaction
Define satisficing
refers to picking the first good alternative that presents itself so that an individual stops searching once it appears that an initial choice will suffer
Define risk
The possibility of experiencing harm, suffering or danger
Define risk aversion
avoidance of risks
Define Economic theory and state the general assumption
Focuses on the cost versus gain relationship between the buyer and the seller. the general assumption is that individuals/families only make decisions that will minimize their costs and maximize their benefit
As an area of study family management is ___ _____ compared to other fields such as English or math
Very young
What was the initial focus of family management, what was it called and when did it occur
Late 1800’s, focus on management within the home and housework (Cooking, cleaning) and was referred to as home economics
What was the first book written on this subject and by who
Principles of household management and cookery by Maria Parloa
When was the discipline of Home economics founded?
1899
Who is considered the father of family resource management?
Fredrick Winslow Taylor
What was Fredrick Winslow Taylors goal and who/ where is it applied now
To find ways to minimize effort and maximize profitability. Applied by interior designers in kitchens
What is the study of home economics referred to as now?
Human Ecology