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Biology 30 > Chapter 2- Organization Of Life Start Through Plants > Flashcards

Chapter 2- Organization Of Life Start Through Plants Flashcards

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1
Q

1.

What is Taxonomy and how does it work?

A
  • Science of Classification
  • organisms are classified into taxa based on common characteristics
    ex.
    prokaryotes: no membrane atoms around the nucleus
    Eukaryotes: Has a membrane around the Nucleus
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2
Q

2.

List the various levels of Linnaeus’ classification system in order from most specific to least specific

A
  • A method used to organize organism according to similar characteristics

Classification

  1. kingdom
  2. Phyium
  3. class
  4. Order
  5. Family
  6. Genus
  7. species ( never capitalized)
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3
Q 
4.
of an organisms scientific name. Which of the options below have the most traits in common? How do you know? 
a. Lynx Rufus 
b. Panthera onca 
c. Loxodonta africana 
d. Panthera uncia
A

b and d because there genus both end with thera

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4
Q
  1. Binomial nomenclature includes what two parts of an organisms scientific name.
A
  • used to name species. Has a combination of the genes (capitalized) and specific epithet (lower case)
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5
Q

5.

What are the three domains?

A
  • Archaea
  • Eukarya
  • Bacteria
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6
Q
  1. Which domain(s) consist of:
    a. prokaryotes?
    b. eukaryotes?
A

Prokaryotes:
bacteria, Archaea

Eukaryotes:
Eukarya

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7
Q

7.

Be able to describe what is happening in a cladogram. (Look at pic)

A

Know

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8
Q

8.

What are the 6 kingdoms?

A
  1. Eubacteria
    - no membrane around
    Nucleus
    - more moderate environments
    - Unicellular
  2. Archaebacteria
    - harsh environments
    - no Nuclear membrane
    - Unicellular
  3. Protista
    - live in Amoeba & paramecium
    - most Unicellular
    -very diff from one another
  4. Fungi
    - mushrooms, yeast
    - most multicellular some Uni
    - get energy from food outside of them and absorb nutrients
    - have hyphae
  5. Plantae
    - Moses, ferns
    - multicellular
  6. Anmalia
    - fishes, insects, mammals
    -no cell wall
    -they move
    - eat there food
    - Multicellular
    - use photosynthesis
    -have cell wall
    - don’t move
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9
Q

10.

Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic

A 
Prokaryote:
- No membrane 
- Unicellular 
-don’t have a lot of organelles 
- mass of DNA
Eukaryotes: 
- membrane around Nucleus
-have lots of organelles 
- strands of DNA

Both do cell division to reproduce and have a cell membrane and cytoplasm

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10
Q

11.

Compare heterotrophs and autotrophs

A

Heterotrophs:
obtain food from environment

Autographs:
Makes own food through intercellular chemical processes

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11
Q

12.

Describe the two main methods bacteria use to reproduce

A

Asexual:
Produces offspring that is genetically identical to the parent. No egg and sperm meet

Conjugation:
Similar to sexual reproduction
Exchange of genetic info between them

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12
Q

13.

What are the 3 shapes of eubacteria? Be able to recognize them from diagrams.

A
  • Spirilla (spiral)
  • Bacilli (vod)
  • Cocci (spherical)

Ex. Chlamydias

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13
Q

14.

Go over the parts of a bacteria so you can label it

A

Bacteria diagram

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14
Q

15.

What are 3 of the major differences between Eubacteria and Archaebacteria?

A
  • composition of the cell walls
  • lipids in the plasma membranes
  • structure and function of the genes
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15
Q

16.

Where can Archaebacteria be found?

A

In harsh environments (hot springs)

Ex. Halophiles

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16
Q

17.

Go get the cell organelles and their function

A

On page

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17
Q

18.

Be able to label the parts of a typical plant and animal cell

A

On page

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18
Q

19.

Be able to recognize a typical plant and animal cell

A

Plant cell is square

Animal cell is oval

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19
Q
  1. The kingdom Protista is composed of organisms that are very similar. Agree or disagree
A

Disagree. Some organisms were multicellular Ex. Kelp

some were Unicellular such as Ameaba

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20
Q
  1. What is a dichotomous key?
A

Dichotomous key:

Method to group organisms according to similar characteristics

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21
Q

22.

Be able to use and make a dichotomous key

A

Know

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22
Q

23.

What were some things you noticed about Protists when you made the dichotomous key?

A
  • they are all very different, some were Unicellular while other multi
  • some live in harsh environments
  • some make there own energy
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23
Q
  1. The kingdom Fungi is defined as a separate group based on the fact that the organisms in it are multicellular. Agee or disagree
Study These Flashcards
A

Disagree. Not all fungi are multicellular but are a separate group because they all obtain food by digesting it outside there bodies and absorbing the nutrients

Yeast is Unicellular

24
Q

25.

Compare hyphae and mycelium

Study These Flashcards
A

Hyphae:
Part of the fungus that feeds, grows, and may produce a mushroom or other kind of reproductive structure

Mycelium: vegetative part of a fungus, consists of a mass of branching, thread like hyphae. Forms the body of the fungi

25
26. | Fungi are further classified based on _________
Rhizopus
26
27. | Name each of the groups of fungi and describe a significant characteristics that puts them in each group
zygote fungi: - hyphae from 2 diff organisms meet and make a zygote (bebe( Club fungi: - have basida which are a club shaped structure they contain spores. Ex mushrooms Sac fungi: - have a ascus which is a sac like structure that produces spores Lichens: - dual organisms that have a fungus and a bacteria or protist that are dependent o. One another for survival
27
28. | Why are fungi and bacteria important?
- decomposers - used in medicine (bacteria) - some are used in food
28
29. | What is a major defining point about the kingdom plantae?
They are photosynthetic
29
30. | Define photosynthesis
Photosynthesis; Process of converting light to energy to chemical energy and storing it in the bonds of sugar. Occurs in plants and some algae (Protista) uses chlorophyll
30
31. | Describe the products and reactants of photosynthesis within the light reaction and the Calvin cycle
``` Calvin cycle Reactants: Co2, ATP, NADPH Products: NADP and ADP and glucose Light reaction Reactants: Water and sunlight energy Products: NADPH, oxygen and ATP ``` Look at picture
31
32. Briefly describe what happens in the light reaction and the Calvin cycle.
Light reaction: - Occurs in the chloroplasts’ thylakoid membrane (inner membrane) - photosystem 1: Electrons are passed through a chain of acceptor molecules and are used to turn NADP+ into NAPH (this goes to Calvin cycle) - Some electrons return to PSI to be used again Photosystem 2: Electrons go to photosystem 1 and water is broken down to replace the electrons in PS2. ATP ( energy molecule) and Oxygen are produced The Calvin Cycle - Occurs in the stroma (fluid in chloroplast) - Carbon dioxide combines with ribulose biphosphate to creat a 6-carbon sugar, which quickly becomes two 3-carbon sugars -Some PGAL is used to form glucose - Some PGAL is changed to ribulose biphosphate (using ATP so cycle continues) - Requires 6 carbon dioxide molecules going into the cycle to make 1 glucose molecule -Oxygen is created Look at graph
32
33. | What are the two main groups for plants?
1. Non Vascular plants | 2. Vascular plants
33
34. | What are a couple of main differences between the different groups of plants?
Non Vascular: are shorter, use diffusion, transport material, need to be in wet environments Vascular: can be tall, don’t have to be in wet environments, have Xylem and Phloem
34
35. | What does alternation of generations in plants mean?
Means they go from a sexual stage to a Asexual stage Sexual: gametes, haploids Asexual: diploids
35
36. | Compare the gametophyte and sporophyte generation
``` Gametophyte: Develops gametes that join to produce a smaller organism that grows No capsule Sporophyte: Developes spores Asexually Have capsule ```
36
37. | Compare Xylem and the phloem
``` Xylem: A transport tissue that carries water and nutrients from the root system to the rest of the plant Brings stuff up from roots Water Phloem: A transport tissue that carries organic molecules like glucose to other areas of the plant Will bring things around the plant Glucose ```
37
38. | How are the xylem and the phloem arranged in the stems of monocots and dicots?
Xylem: inside Phloem: outside Dicot: go around the outer area of the stem Monocots: go throughout
38
39. | How can you determine whether a moss is in the gametophyte or sporophyte generation?
Sporophyte has a capsule | Gametophyte don’t
39
40. | Compare the location of the sporangia in simple vascular plants and ferns
Vascular plants: Sporangia is located in a club like structure on top Ferns: Located in clusters on the underside of the fern
40
41. | Compare gymnosperms and angiosperms
``` Gymnosperms: Conifers (cone trees) Have a seed that is exposed to the world naked seed Green all year Have needles Angiosperms: Flowering plants Seed is contained in a shell or something non naked seed Dischetous trees (have leaves) ```
41
42. | Which group consists of monocots and dicots?
Angiosperms Monocots: Parallel, flowers will have 6 petals One leave when first sprouts Dicots: non parallel, flowers 4-5 petals Two leaves when first sprouts
42
43. Cell organelles and their functions: Cell walls
Found in: plants, prokaryotes Maintains the shape of the cell and is a protective barrier
43
44. | Chloroplasts:
Uses energy from sunlight to form glucose Plants, some Protists
44
45. | Nucleus
All Eukaryotes Contains DNA
45
46. | Ribosomes:
All cells Build proteins through translation
46
47. | Mitochondria
All eukaryotes | Converts glucose into energy (ATP). Cellular respiration
47
48. | Cell membrane
All cells | Controls what moves in and out of the cell
48
49. | Cytoplasm
All cells Fluid in the cell
49
50. | Vacuole
All Eukaryotes Membrane bound sac filled with food, water, etc
50
51. | Large Central Vacuole
Membrane bound sac filled with substance that helps maintain rigidity of the cell Plants
51
52. Golgi body
All Eukaryotes Receives product from ER and sorts and sends the products out
52
53. | Lysosomes
All Eukaryotes A membrane bound sac containing enzymes so large molecules can be broken down
53
54. | Rough endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
All Eukaryotes Folded membrane system covered in ribosomes. Help to fold proteins
54
55. | Smooth ER
All Eukaryotes Folded membrane system that puts lipids together
55
56. | Microtubules and Microfilaments
All Eukaryotes Tubes that provide internal structure and allow for movement of the cell. An anchoring place for other organelles. Important for cell division
56
Test
13 marks of matching | 31 marks in short answers

Biology 30 (5 decks)

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