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SWIFT, A. J. - Bridge Team Management > Chapter 2 - PASSAGE APPRAISAL > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - PASSAGE APPRAISAL Flashcards

1
Q

Before everything/appraisal stage of planning

A

Understaning of the risks involved in the voyage or project.

The appraisal stage of passage planning examines these risks.

All the information is gathered and firm foundation for the plan is built.

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2
Q

Sources of information

A

The master’s decision on the overall conduct of the passage will be based upon an appraisal of the available information.

  1. Chart Catalogue.
  2. Navigational Charts.
  3. Ocean Passages for the World.
  4. Routeing Charts or Pilot Charts.
  5. Sailing Directions and Pilot Books.
  6. Light Lists.
  7. Tide Tables.
  8. Tidal Stream Atlases.
  9. Notices to Mariners.
  10. Routeing Information.
  11. Radio Signal Information (inc. VTS and Pilot service).
  12. Climatic Information.
  13. Load Line Chart.
  14. Distance Tables.
  15. Electronic Navigational Systems Information.
  16. Radio and Local Navigational Warnings.
  17. Draught of Vessel.
  18. Navigational Terms.
  19. Owner’s and other unpublished sources.
  20. Personal Experience.
  21. Mariner’s Handbook.
  22. Guide to Port Entry.
  23. Nautical Almanac.
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3
Q
  1. Chart Catalogue
A

Published annually by the Hydrographer of the Navy (British) as NP 131 and by the Defence Mapping Agency (U.S.) as CATP’2VOIU.

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4
Q
  1. Charts
A

Many merchant ships carry British charts published by the Hydrographer of the Navy. However there are areas of the world where the mariner may well be advised to consider using locally published or other charts as well. British Admiralty policy is to chart all British home and most Commonwealth and some Middle Eastern
waters on a scale sufficient for safe navigation. Elsewhere the policy is to publish such charts as will enable the mariner to cross the oceans
and proceed along the coasts to reach the approaches to ports. Along many coasts not covered in detail by British charts the mariner may
find it better to use the charts of the Hydrographic Office of the relevant country.

Both U.S. and Canadian regulations require that vessels in their waters must carry and use the appropriate national charts. This
means that the vessel’s chart outfit needs to be checked to ensure the charts meet the requirements of the regulations.

Approximately 50 countries are listed as having established hydrographic offices publishing charts of their national waters. Addresses of the agents appointed by such offices may be obtained from “The Catalogue of Agents for the Sale of Charts”, published
by the:

International Hydrographic Bureau
4 Quai Antoine ler, BP 445, MC98011, Monaco Cedex
Principality of Monaco
Te!. +377 93 10 81 00

International standard chart symbols and abbreviations allow foreign charts to be used with little difficulty but care must be taken to establish the chart datum used.

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5
Q
  1. Ocean Passages of The World
A

Published by the Hydrographer of the Navy (British) as NP 136. It contains information on planning ocean passages,
oceanography and currents.

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6
Q
  1. Routeing Charts and
    Pilot Charts
A

Routeing Charts are published by the Hydrographer of the
Navy (British) as Charts Nos. 5124-8. Similar charts are published by the Defence Mapping Agency (USA) as Atlases NVPUBI05-9,
PlLOT16 and PILOT55.

Both series give monthly information on ocean routeing, currents, winds and ice limits and various meteorological information.

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7
Q
  1. Sailing Di,ectUnu and
    PIlot Books
A

British Pilot Books are published in 74 volumes by the Hydrographer of the Navy and give worldwide coverage. Sailing Directions are published by the Defence Mapping Agency (USA) in the series SDPUB 121·200.

Some of these latter books are referred to as Planning Guides, giving information essentially the same as the British Ocean Passages for the World, others as “Enroute”, giving similar information to the
British Pilot Books

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8
Q
  1. List of Lights and Fog
    Signals
A

Published by the Hydrographer to the Navy (British) in eleven volumes (NP74-84) giving worldwide coverage. The British Navy
also publishes Light Lists as CD-ROMs.

The US Coast Guard publishes seven volumes of Light Lists, (COMDTMI6S021-7) giving details of all US coastailights, including the Great Lakes. DMA publications LLPUB 110-6 cover the rest of the world.

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9
Q
  1. Tide Tables
A

Published by the Hydrographer of the Navy (British), annually, in three volumes, covering the world.

Tidal times and heights may be readily obtained by using a computer programme published by the British Admiralty (SHM· 159A)

The US National Ocean Service (NOSPBTT) also publishes worldwide Tide Tables.

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10
Q
  1. Tidal Stream Atlases
A

Published by the Hydrographer of the Navy (British), these atlases cover certain areas of Northwest Europe and Hong Kong.

Tidal Current Tables covering the Atlantic coast of North
America and the Pacific Coast of North America and Asia are published by the US National Ocean Service, Tidal Current Charts are published by the US National Ocean Service for four major US ports.

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11
Q
  1. Notices to Mariners
A

Notices to Mariners are published in Weekly Editions by both the British and US H ydrographic AuthOrities, enabling ships to keep their charts and other publications up to date.

Also available as CD-ROMs for updatin electronic charts.

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12
Q
  1. Ship’s Routeing
A

Published by IMO, this publication gives information on all routeing. traffic separation schemes, deep-water routes and areas to be avoided that have been adopted by IMO. Routeing information is also shown on charts and is included in the sailing directions.

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13
Q
  1. Radio Signal Information
A

The (British) Admiralty Lists of Radio Signals consists of twelve volumes of text and diagrams covering the following:·
* NP281 (1) Vol. I Part I Coast Radio Stations, Europe, Africa and Asia (excluding the Far East).
* NP281 (2) Vol. I Part 2 Coast Radio Stations, Oceania, the Americas and the Far East.
* NP282 Vol. 2 Radio Aids to Navigation, Satellite Navigation
* Systems, Legal Time, Radio Time Signals, and Electronic Position Fixing Systems.
* NP283(1) Vol.3 Part I Maritime Safety Information Services: Europe, Mrica and Asia (excluding the Far East).
* NP283(2) Vol.3 Part 2 Maritime Safety Information Services: Oceania, the Americas and the Far East.
* NP284 Vol. 4 Meteorological Observation Stations.
* NP285 Vol.5 Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS).

Similar information is available in US DMA publication RAPUB117.

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14
Q
  1. Climatic Information
A

Climatic information is available from a variety of sources including the Pilot Books, Pilot Charts and Octan Passages for the World already mentioned. The UK Met. Office book Meteorology for Mariners
gives further general information. Climatic information needs to be always updated by the latest Weather Information.

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15
Q
  1. Load Line Chart
A

Load Line Rules are mandatory and the load line zones are shown in Ocean Passages for the World or BA Chart D6083

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16
Q
  1. Distance Tables
A

Both Ocean and Coastal Distance Tables are available from a variety of sources including British Admiralty (NP350) and US DMA publications NVPUB151 and NOSSPBPORTSDIST

17
Q
  1. Eletronic Navigation Systems Handbooks
A

Such information must be available and will prove necessary should the prime source of electronic information fail. Information required will depend upon the systems in use on the particular ship and should have been supplied with the equipment.

18
Q
  1. Radio and Local Warnings
A

The latest infonnation available on changes to navigation aids etc. will be obtained from radio (including NA VTEX) and local warnings and must always be made available to those responsible for appraisal and planning. Local information is often available from the Harbour Authority.

For information on the World Wide Navigational Services and the transmitting stations see Admiralty List of Radio Signals Vol. 3.

19
Q
  1. Draught of Ship
A

The anticipated draught and trim of the ship at different stages of the passage will need to be known in order to calculate the under keel clearance when in shallow water. The extreme height of the ship above the waterline, known as the air draught will also be required if there are low overhead clearances

20
Q
  1. Navigational Terms
A

All watch keepers and others involved with safe navigation, including shore personnel, need to have a clear understanding of navigational terms. ISO 19018 covers these requirements when this volume was being prepared.

21
Q
  1. Owner’s and other sources
A

Supplementary information from the vessel’s owners and charterers should be consulted, when available, as should reports from other vessels, information from agents and Port Authority handbooks and regulations.

22
Q
  1. Personal Experience
A

The personal experiences of crew members that have been to the anticipated ports and areas can prove of value.

23
Q
  1. The Mariner’s Handbook
A

Published by the Hydrographer to the Navy (British), this book contains information of general interest to the mariner.

24
Q
  1. Guide to Port Entry
A

Published by Lloyd’s of London Press and Portguides, these books often give infonnation not available from other sources.

25
Q
  1. Nautical Almanac
A

Necessary for determining times of sunset and sunrise and assists in position fixing when electronic systems fail.

26
Q

Ocean passage first consideration

A

The distance between ports, the availability of bunkers and stores etc.

27
Q

Coastal passage first consideration

A

Determine the distance that tracks should be laid off coastlines and dangers.

28
Q

Navigation hazard notes

A

The bridge team needs to be able to verify that corrections are up to date and all relevant navigational warnings have been noted. Charts containing corrections do not necessarily indicate whether they are the most up to date available. A noteboo k entry
enables this detail to be verified (see Annex 11).

SWIFT, A. J. - Bridge Team Management (6 decks)

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