Chapter 2 - Plant Kingdom Flashcards
Artificial system of classification was given by
Linnaeus ( Androecium system )
Androecium system is also called
Artificial system
Natural system was given by
Bentham and hooker
Method of classification which is based on all observable characters and can be easily carried out using computers
And in which each character is given equal importance and at the same time hundreds of characters can considered
Numerical taxonomy
Method of classification based on cytological information like CHROMOSOME NO , STRUCTURE AND BEHAVIOUR
Cytotaxonomy
Method of classification that uses chemical constituents of plant to resolve confusions
CHEMOTAXONOMY
On which animal do algae occur in association with
Sloth bear
2 FILAMENTOUS forms of algae
Ulothrix and Spirograph
Method of vegetative reproduction of algae
FRAGMENTATION
The most common asexual spore of algae
Zoospores
Sexual reproduction which is ISOGAMOUS (similar in size )in nature with flagellated gametes
ULOTHRIX
Sexual reproduction which is ISOGAMOUS ( similar in size ) with non flagellated gametes
SPIROGYRA
Sexual reproduction which s ANISOGAMOUS ( gametes dissimilar in size) is found in
EUDORINA
Sexual reproduction which is OOGAMOUS Is found in
VOLVOX
FUCUS
HUMANS
How much carbon DIOXIDE fixation on earth is carried out by algae
HALF
How many species of marine alga are used as food
70
Which algae are used as HYDROCOLLOIDS (water holding substances )
Brown - ALGIN and Red - CARRAGEENAN
Product obtained from algae used to grow microbes and in the preparation of ice creams and jellies -
AGAR
2 algae from which agar is obtained -
Gelidium and Gracilaria
Chloroplasts , a unicellular alga is rich in -
Proteins
The types of chloroplast found in chlorophyceae are based on their ________
Shape
Discoid , plate -like , reticulate , duo-shaped , spiral , or ribbon like
Green algae usually have a cell wall made of an inner layer of ______ and outer layer of ___________ .
CELLULOSE
PECTOSE
Which algae store food in the form of oil droplets
GREEN ALGAE
2 modes of vegetative reproduction in green algae
Fragmentation
Spore formation
Mode of asexual reproduction in green algae
Zoospores produced in ZOOSPORANGIA
SPIROGYRA belongs to which group of algae
Green
CHARA belongs to which class of algae
GREEN
Red rust of tea is caused by which algae
Green algae -CEPHALEUROS
Which class of algae is also called cyanophyceae
RHODOPHYCEAEA -red algae
Name a filamentous form of brown algae
Ectocarpous
Name a branched form of brown algae
Kelp
Normal height attained by kelps
100m
Which pigment is mainly responsible for the colour of brown algae
Fucoxanthin
Laminarin and mannitol is the reserve food of which algae
Brown
The vegetative cells of brown algae have a CELLULOSIC WALL covered by a GELATENOUS COATING OF _________
ALGIN
The 3 main components of the chloroplast of brown algae
Plastid
Vacuole
Nucleus
The leaf like PHOTOSYNTHETIC organ of brown algae
Frond
The stalk of brown algae is also called
Stipe
Mode of asexual reproduction in brown algae
Zoospores ( biflagellate )
Nature of zoospores in brown algae
Pear-shaped , biflagellate with laterally attached flagella
Pyriform
Which class of algae is a oogamous species
Brown algae - fusion of gametes takes place both within the OOGONIUM and in water
Sargassum comes under which class of algae
Brown
FUCUS comes under which class of algae
Brown
Dictyota comes under which class of algae
Brown
Greater concentrations of red algae are found in warmer or colder areas
Warmer
Which algae is found at greatest depths
Red
The thalli of red algae are multi or unicellular
MULTICELLULAR
Most complex body organisation is of which class of algae
Red
The structure of Floridean starch is similar in to which 2 pigments
Amylopectin and GLYCOGEN
Asexual reproduction in red algae occurs by means of of
Non motile spores
Sexual reproduction in red algae occurs by means of
Non motile gametes - OOGAMOUS only
In which class of algae sexual reproduction is accompanied by complex post fertilisation development
Red
Who play a imp role in the plant succession on bare rocks /soil
Bryophyta
It belongs to class THALLOPHYTA and the body is attached to the substratum by means of unicellular or multicellular rhizoids
Bryophyta
They may possess root like , leaf like , or stem like structures but lack true roots , stem or leaves
Bryophyta
The sex organs of bryophytes are multi or unicellular
Multicellular
The kind of antherozoids produced by the the antheridium of Bryophyta
BIFLAFELLATE
The no. of eggs produced by the archegonium of Bryophyta
1
Where are the antherozoids released
Water
Which phylum of he plant kingdom has an intermediate stage of reproduction
Bryophyta - zygote forms sporophyte before undergoing meiosis . The sporophyte in turn undergoes meiosis to form spores
In bryophytes which structure on germination forms the gametophyte
SPORES
The ploidy of sporophyte and spores
Sporophyte - 2n. Spore - n
In bryophytes what does the zygote forms
Sporophyte (2n)
Which structure in Bryophyta produces gametes
The plant body - gametophyte (n)
Along with lichens what are the first organisms to colonise bare rocks
Mosses
_______ form a dense mat on the soil and hence prevent he impact of falling rain and prevent soil erosion
Mosses
The Bryophyta in which Gemma cups are the structures of ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Merchantia - liverwort
Dioecious
The thallus is dorsiventral and laterally appressed to the substrate
Liverworts
Gemma are uni or multi cellular
MULTICELLULAR
Green, multicellular , asexual buds which develop in small receptacle on the thalli of liverworts
Gemma
In liverworts , the __________ become detached from the parent body and germinate to form new individuals
Gemmae
The sporophyte in liverworts is divided into foot , seta and capsule ;
T or F
T
Spores are produced in the capsule by __________
Meiosis
In liverworts the spores germinate to form
free-living gametophyte
The gametophyte of mosses consists of how many stages
2
The first stage in the life cycle of mosses
PROTONEMA
PROTONEMA of mosses develops directly from a
SPORE
BRANCHED and FILAMENTOUS green , creeping stage - PROTONEMA is found in _________
Mosses
The second stage of mosses’s life cycle which develops from SECONDARY PROTONEMA AS A LATERAL BUD
LEAFY STAGE
THE STAGE OF MOSSE’S life cycle which bears sex organs
Leafy stage (with rhizoids )
Type of rhizoids in mosses
Branched and multicellular
Fragmentation and budding in mosses occurs in the
Secondary PROTONEMA
The sporophyte of which is more elaborate : mosses or liverworts
Mosses
Elaborate mechanism of spore dispersal is found in
Mosses
Th archegonia and antheridia are produced at the _______ of leafy shoot
Apex
Polytrichum is a
Moss
Spores are formed after _________ from sporophyte in the capsule
Meiosis
Plants used as ornamentals
Pteridophytes
First terrestrial plants to possess well differentiated vascular tissues
Pteridophytes
Which phylum may flourish well well in sandy-soil conditions along with growing in cool ,damp and shady places
Pteridophytes
The part of pteridophyte differentiated into true root , stem and leaves
Sporophyte - main plant body
The organs of pteridophytes which posses well-differentiated vascular tissues
Sporophyte - root , stems and leaves
The pteridophyta in which small leaves - MICROPHYLLS are found
SELAGINELLA
LARGE leaves - macrophylls are found in which pteridophyte
Ferns
Sporangia in pteridophytes are borne on the ____________
Sporophyte
Sporangia are subtended by leaf-like appendages called ______
Sporophylls
Sometimes , ___________ form distinct compact structures called strobilli or cones
Sporophylls
Cones are found in which 2 pteridophytes
Selaginella
Equisetum
The spores germinate to give rise to insconspicous , small but MULTICELLULAR thalloid _______
Gametophyte
The gametophyte of pteridophyte is also called ________
PROTHALLUS
ZYGOTE IN PTERIDOPHYTES PRODUCES A MULTICELLULAR ________
SPOROPHYTE
The photosynthetic and multicellular structure of pteridophytes
Gametophyte = prothallus
Salvinia is is hetero or homosporous
Heterosporous
The __________ gives rise to female gametophyte
MEGASPORE
The __________ gametophyte in pteridophytes is retained on the parent sporophyte and the development of zygotes into embryo occurs in it (_______) .
Female gametophyte
Selaginella comes under which class of pteridophyte
Lycopsida
Equisetum comes under which class of pteridophyte
Sphenopsida
Adiantum comes under which class of pteridophyte
Pteropsida
Dryopsida comes under which class of pteridophyte
Pteropsida
Name the 4 classes of pteridophyte
Psilopsida
Lycopsida
Sphenopsida
Pteropsida
In gymnossperms the ovules remain exposed before fertilisation or after fertilization
Both before and after
Ovules are not covered by _________ in gymnosperms
Ovary wall
Which phylum includes medium sized treees , or tall trees and shrubs
Gymnos
The kind of roots found in gymnos
Tap roots
Pinus which has has an association with a fungus ( mycorrhiza ) comes under which phylum
Gymnos
Cycas has _________ roots
Collaroid
