Chapter 2 - Plant Kingdom Flashcards
(290 cards)
1
Q
Artificial system of classification was given by
A
Linnaeus ( Androecium system )
2
Q
Androecium system is also called
A
Artificial system
3
Q
Natural system was given by
A
Bentham and hooker
4
Q
Method of classification which is based on all observable characters and can be easily carried out using computers
And in which each character is given equal importance and at the same time hundreds of characters can considered
A
Numerical taxonomy
5
Q
Method of classification based on cytological information like CHROMOSOME NO , STRUCTURE AND BEHAVIOUR
A
Cytotaxonomy
6
Q
Method of classification that uses chemical constituents of plant to resolve confusions
A
CHEMOTAXONOMY
7
Q
On which animal do algae occur in association with
A
Sloth bear
8
Q
2 FILAMENTOUS forms of algae
A
Ulothrix and Spirograph
9
Q
Method of vegetative reproduction of algae
A
FRAGMENTATION
10
Q
The most common asexual spore of algae
A
Zoospores
11
Q
Sexual reproduction which is ISOGAMOUS (similar in size )in nature with flagellated gametes
A
ULOTHRIX
12
Q
Sexual reproduction which is ISOGAMOUS ( similar in size ) with non flagellated gametes
A
SPIROGYRA
13
Q
Sexual reproduction which s ANISOGAMOUS ( gametes dissimilar in size) is found in
A
EUDORINA
14
Q
Sexual reproduction which is OOGAMOUS Is found in
A
VOLVOX
FUCUS
HUMANS
15
Q
How much carbon DIOXIDE fixation on earth is carried out by algae
A
HALF
16
Q
How many species of marine alga are used as food
A
70
17
Q
Which algae are used as HYDROCOLLOIDS (water holding substances )
A
Brown - ALGIN and Red - CARRAGEENAN
18
Q
Product obtained from algae used to grow microbes and in the preparation of ice creams and jellies -
A
AGAR
19
Q
2 algae from which agar is obtained -
A
Gelidium and Gracilaria
20
Q
Chloroplasts , a unicellular alga is rich in -
A
Proteins
21
Q
The types of chloroplast found in chlorophyceae are based on their ________
A
Shape
Discoid , plate -like , reticulate , duo-shaped , spiral , or ribbon like
22
Q
Green algae usually have a cell wall made of an inner layer of ______ and outer layer of ___________ .
A
CELLULOSE
PECTOSE
23
Q
Which algae store food in the form of oil droplets
A
GREEN ALGAE
24
Q
2 modes of vegetative reproduction in green algae
A
Fragmentation
Spore formation
25
Mode of asexual reproduction in green algae
Zoospores produced in ZOOSPORANGIA
26
SPIROGYRA belongs to which group of algae
Green
27
CHARA belongs to which class of algae
GREEN
28
Red rust of tea is caused by which algae
Green algae -CEPHALEUROS
29
Which class of algae is also called cyanophyceae
RHODOPHYCEAEA -red algae
30
Name a filamentous form of brown algae
Ectocarpous
31
Name a branched form of brown algae
Kelp
32
Normal height attained by kelps
100m
33
Which pigment is mainly responsible for the colour of brown algae
Fucoxanthin
34
Laminarin and mannitol is the reserve food of which algae
Brown
35
The vegetative cells of brown algae have a CELLULOSIC WALL covered by a GELATENOUS COATING OF _________
ALGIN
36
The 3 main components of the chloroplast of brown algae
Plastid
Vacuole
Nucleus
37
The leaf like PHOTOSYNTHETIC organ of brown algae
Frond
38
The stalk of brown algae is also called
Stipe
39
Mode of asexual reproduction in brown algae
Zoospores ( biflagellate )
40
Nature of zoospores in brown algae
Pear-shaped , biflagellate with laterally attached flagella
| Pyriform
41
Which class of algae is a oogamous species
Brown algae - fusion of gametes takes place both within the OOGONIUM and in water
42
Sargassum comes under which class of algae
Brown
43
FUCUS comes under which class of algae
Brown
44
Dictyota comes under which class of algae
Brown
45
Greater concentrations of red algae are found in warmer or colder areas
Warmer
46
Which algae is found at greatest depths
Red
47
The thalli of red algae are multi or unicellular
MULTICELLULAR
48
Most complex body organisation is of which class of algae
Red
49
The structure of Floridean starch is similar in to which 2 pigments
Amylopectin and GLYCOGEN
50
Asexual reproduction in red algae occurs by means of of
Non motile spores
51
Sexual reproduction in red algae occurs by means of
Non motile gametes - OOGAMOUS only
52
In which class of algae sexual reproduction is accompanied by complex post fertilisation development
Red
53
Who play a imp role in the plant succession on bare rocks /soil
Bryophyta
54
It belongs to class THALLOPHYTA and the body is attached to the substratum by means of unicellular or multicellular rhizoids
Bryophyta
55
They may possess root like , leaf like , or stem like structures but lack true roots , stem or leaves
Bryophyta
56
The sex organs of bryophytes are multi or unicellular
Multicellular
57
The kind of antherozoids produced by the the antheridium of Bryophyta
BIFLAFELLATE
58
The no. of eggs produced by the archegonium of Bryophyta
1
59
Where are the antherozoids released
Water
60
Which phylum of he plant kingdom has an intermediate stage of reproduction
Bryophyta - zygote forms sporophyte before undergoing meiosis . The sporophyte in turn undergoes meiosis to form spores
61
In bryophytes which structure on germination forms the gametophyte
SPORES
62
The ploidy of sporophyte and spores
Sporophyte - 2n. Spore - n
63
In bryophytes what does the zygote forms
Sporophyte (2n)
64
Which structure in Bryophyta produces gametes
The plant body - gametophyte (n)
65
Along with lichens what are the first organisms to colonise bare rocks
Mosses
66
_______ form a dense mat on the soil and hence prevent he impact of falling rain and prevent soil erosion
Mosses
67
The Bryophyta in which Gemma cups are the structures of ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Merchantia - liverwort
| Dioecious
68
The thallus is dorsiventral and laterally appressed to the substrate
Liverworts
69
Gemma are uni or multi cellular
MULTICELLULAR
70
Green, multicellular , asexual buds which develop in small receptacle on the thalli of liverworts
Gemma
71
In liverworts , the __________ become detached from the parent body and germinate to form new individuals
Gemmae
72
The sporophyte in liverworts is divided into foot , seta and capsule ;
T or F
T
73
Spores are produced in the capsule by __________
Meiosis
74
In liverworts the spores germinate to form
free-living gametophyte
75
The gametophyte of mosses consists of how many stages
2
76
The first stage in the life cycle of mosses
PROTONEMA
77
PROTONEMA of mosses develops directly from a
SPORE
78
BRANCHED and FILAMENTOUS green , creeping stage - PROTONEMA is found in _________
Mosses
79
The second stage of mosses’s life cycle which develops from SECONDARY PROTONEMA AS A LATERAL BUD
LEAFY STAGE
80
THE STAGE OF MOSSE’S life cycle which bears sex organs
Leafy stage (with rhizoids )
81
Type of rhizoids in mosses
Branched and multicellular
82
Fragmentation and budding in mosses occurs in the
Secondary PROTONEMA
83
The sporophyte of which is more elaborate : mosses or liverworts
Mosses
84
Elaborate mechanism of spore dispersal is found in
Mosses
85
Th archegonia and antheridia are produced at the _______ of leafy shoot
Apex
86
Polytrichum is a
Moss
87
Spores are formed after _________ from sporophyte in the capsule
Meiosis
88
Plants used as ornamentals
Pteridophytes
89
First terrestrial plants to possess well differentiated vascular tissues
Pteridophytes
90
Which phylum may flourish well well in sandy-soil conditions along with growing in cool ,damp and shady places
Pteridophytes
91
The part of pteridophyte differentiated into true root , stem and leaves
Sporophyte - main plant body
92
The organs of pteridophytes which posses well-differentiated vascular tissues
Sporophyte - root , stems and leaves
93
The pteridophyta in which small leaves - MICROPHYLLS are found
SELAGINELLA
94
LARGE leaves - macrophylls are found in which pteridophyte
Ferns
95
Sporangia in pteridophytes are borne on the ____________
Sporophyte
96
Sporangia are subtended by leaf-like appendages called ______
Sporophylls
97
Sometimes , ___________ form distinct compact structures called strobilli or cones
Sporophylls
98
Cones are found in which 2 pteridophytes
Selaginella
| Equisetum
99
The spores germinate to give rise to insconspicous , small but MULTICELLULAR thalloid _______
Gametophyte
100
The gametophyte of pteridophyte is also called ________
PROTHALLUS
101
ZYGOTE IN PTERIDOPHYTES PRODUCES A MULTICELLULAR ________
SPOROPHYTE
102
The photosynthetic and multicellular structure of pteridophytes
Gametophyte = prothallus
103
Salvinia is is hetero or homosporous
Heterosporous
104
The __________ gives rise to female gametophyte
MEGASPORE
105
The __________ gametophyte in pteridophytes is retained on the parent sporophyte and the development of zygotes into embryo occurs in it (_______) .
Female gametophyte
106
Selaginella comes under which class of pteridophyte
Lycopsida
107
Equisetum comes under which class of pteridophyte
Sphenopsida
108
Adiantum comes under which class of pteridophyte
Pteropsida
109
Dryopsida comes under which class of pteridophyte
Pteropsida
110
Name the 4 classes of pteridophyte
Psilopsida
Lycopsida
Sphenopsida
Pteropsida
111
In gymnossperms the ovules remain exposed before fertilisation or after fertilization
Both before and after
112
Ovules are not covered by _________ in gymnosperms
Ovary wall
113
Which phylum includes medium sized treees , or tall trees and shrubs
Gymnos
114
The kind of roots found in gymnos
Tap roots
115
Pinus which has has an association with a fungus ( mycorrhiza ) comes under which phylum
Gymnos
116
Cycas has _________ roots
Collaroid
117
The stems of cycas are ____________ and that of pinus/ cedrus are ________. (Branched or unbranched )
Unbranched
| Branched
118
Conifers belong to which phylum
Gymnos
119
Which phylum is well adapted to withstand extremes of temp, humidity and wind
Gymnos
120
The needle like leaves of conifers REDUCE /INC surface area
REDUCE
121
In ________ the pinnate laves persist for a few years
Cycas
122
Gymnos are hetero , homosporous or both
Only HETEROsporous
123
Where are the spores of gymnos produced
Within SPORANGIA which are borne on the sporophylls arranged spirally to form CONES
124
Which gametophytic generation in gymnos is highly reduced and is confined to only a limited no. Of cells .(male/female)
male gametophyte
125
Male gametophyte in gymnos is also called
Pollen grain
126
Where does the development of pollen grains occur
MICROSPORANGIA
127
The ovules of gymnos are contained within the
MEGASPOROPHYLL
128
An example of a gymnos in which male and female cones are born on different trees
CYCAS
129
The megaspore mother cell is differentiated from one of the cells of the __________
Nucellus
130
The ________ divided meiotically to form 4 megaspores
Megaspore mother cell
131
What is the female gametophyte in gymnos
Megaspore ( inclosed within the megasporangium )
| 1 out of 4
132
Female sex organs in gymnos
Archegonia
133
The multicellular female gametophyte in gymnos is retained within the ___________
Megasporangium
134
The phylum in which male and female gametophytes have an independent free existence
Bryophytes and pteridophytes
135
The pollen grains in gymnos are released from the
MICROSPORANGIUM
136
The pollen tube carrying the male gametes grows towards archegonia in the ovules and discharge their content near the __________ of the ARCHEGONIA
Mouth
137
The _________ in gymnos are not covered
Seeds
138
In angios , seeds are enclosed by
Fruits
139
The exceptionally large group of plants occurring in wide range of habitats
Angios
140
Wolffia comes under which phylum
Angios
141
Eucalyptus comes under which phylum
Angios
142
Microspores are formed by meiosis of the _________
Pollen mother cell
143
Pollen grains are formed from
Microspores
144
Where is the megaspore mother cell located
Inside the ovule
145
Other name for EMBRYO SAC
Megaspore
146
Each embryo sac has a __________ celled egg apparatus
3
147
Where does the germination of pollen grains takes place
On the stigma
148
Pollen grain is also called
Microspore
149
The gametophytes produces gametes by _______
Mitosis
150
Zygote divides by ________ to form a sporophytic plant body
Mitosis
151
Spores divide by _________ to form a haploid plant body ( gametophyte)
Mitosis
152
Spores are produced by sporophytic plant body by
Meiosis
153
Chlamydomonas shows ________ life cycle
Haplontic
154
Volvox and SPIROGYRA show_________ life cycle
Haplontic
155
In plants with haplontic life cycle sporophytic generation is represented by
Zygote
156
In plants with haplontic life cycle zygote is how many celled
Single -celled
157
In plants with diploid life cycle , the photosynthetic part of the plant is
Sporophyte
158
The life cycle of FUCUS is ______
Diplontic
159
The gametophytic phase in diplontic plants is how many celled
Few to multi
160
All seeds bearing plants , gymnos and angios have which life cycle
Diplontic
161
In plants with haplo-diplontic life cycle the gametophyte and sporophyte are how may celled
Both are multicellular
162
The life cycle of ectocarpus is
Haplo -diplontic
163
The life -cycle of polysiphonia is
Haplo-diplontic
164
The phylums which come under thallophyta are
Algae
Bryophyta
Pteridophyta
165
Phycobilins are characteristic pigments of which algae
Rhodophyta =cyanophyta
166
Core of protein surrounded by starch is
PYRENOIDS
167
Unique characteristic of thallophyta ( algae)
Zygotic meiosis
168
Embryo is not formed in thallophyta due to
Zygotic meiosis
169
How is the oogonia of thallophyta different from archegonia of Bryophyta
Oogonia of thallophyta is JACKETLESS AND UNICELLULAR
| Whereas archegonia of Bryophyta is JACKETED AND MULTICELLULAR
170
Name a parasitic algae and to which phylum does it belong
cephaleuros = green algae
171
Which class of algae best explains the evolution of sexual reproduction
Green = chamydomonas
172
Female sex organ of algae
OOGONIUM ( chara)
173
Embryo is present but true vasculature is absent in the group
Bryophyta
174
Club mosses belong to which phylum
Pteridophytes =lycopsida
175
In Bryophyta simple sporophyte occurs in
Riccia
176
Mosses have DIRECT/INDIRECT germination of spores
Indirect
177
Leaves of mosses and ferns are analogous /homologous
Analogous
178
Which structure produces the gamete bearing part of moss
Bud
179
Bryophytes show an advancement over algae in having
Multicellular sporophytic generation
180
Leafy gametophyte occurs in which phylum
Bryophytes
181
Non vascular embryophyta
Bryophytes
182
The first cell of sporophytic generation in Bryophyta is
Zygote
183
Oblique septa in rhizoids are characteristic of
Mosses
184
Hepaticopsida =
Liverworts
185
Rhizoids of Bryophyta are __________ and ___________
| Uni/multicellular ; branched/unbranched
Unicellular and unbranched
186
The 2 phylum in which vascular tissues are absent
Thallophyta and Bryophyta
187
Sporophyte of bryophyte is _______ ( parasitic , semiparasitic , autotrophic )
Semi-parasitic and parasitic
188
VASCULAR CRYPTOGAMS or seedless Vascular plants belong to
| Cryptogams=seedless
Pteridophytes
189
Most conspicuous and INDEPENDENT alternation of generations is found in which phylum
Pteridophytes
190
Roots first originated in which phylum
Pteridophytes
191
Adiantum is called walking fern due to
Vegetative reproduction
192
Embryo is not formed in thallophyta due to
Zygotic meiosis
193
Spore producing part of pteridophytes is
SPORANGIA of sporophyte
| NOTE: in bryophytes it is capsule of sporophyte
194
In which class of pteridophytes is the stem distinctly differentiated into node and internode
SPHENOPSIDA. ( = equisetum)
195
In ferns permanent roots are ________
Rhizome
196
The antherozoids of ferns are ______ ( bi/multi/uni) flagellate .
MULTIFLAGELLATE
197
Phycobilins are characteristic pigments of which algae
Rhodophyta =cyanophyta
198
Core of protein surrounded by starch is
PYRENOIDS
199
Unique characteristic of thallophyta ( algae)
Zygotic meiosis
200
How is the oogonia of thallophyta different from archegonia of Bryophyta
Oogonia of thallophyta is JACKETLESS AND UNICELLULAR
| Whereas archegonia of Bryophyta is JACKETED AND MULTICELLULAR
201
Name a parasitic algae and to which phylum does it belong
cephaleuros = green algae
202
Which class of algae best explains the evolution of sexual reproduction
Green = chamydomonas
203
Female sex organ of algae
OOGONIUM ( chara)
204
Embryo is present but true vasculature is absent in the group
Bryophyta
205
Club mosses belong to which phylum
Pteridophytes =lycopsida
206
In Bryophyta simple sporophyte occurs in
Riccia
207
Mosses have DIRECT/INDIRECT germination of spores
Indirect
208
Leaves of mosses and ferns are analogous /homologous
Analogous
209
Which structure produces the gamete bearing part of moss
Bud
210
Bryophytes show an advancement over algae in having
Multicellular sporophytic generation
211
Leafy gametophyte occurs in which phylum
Bryophytes
212
Non vascular embryophyta
Bryophytes
213
The first cell of sporophytic generation in Bryophyta is
Zygote
214
Oblique septa in rhizoids are characteristic of
Mosses
215
Hepaticopsida =
Liverworts
216
Rhizoids of Bryophyta are __________ and ___________
| Uni/multicellular ; branched/unbranched
Unicellular and unbranched
217
The 2 phylum in which vascular tissues are absent
Thallophyta and Bryophyta
218
Sporophyte of bryophyte is _______ ( parasitic , semiparasitic , autotrophic )
Semi-parasitic and parasitic
219
VASCULAR CRYPTOGAMS or seedless Vascular plants belong to
| Cryptogams=seedless
Pteridophytes
220
Most conspicuous and INDEPENDENT alternation of generations is found in which phylum
Pteridophytes
221
Roots first originated in which phylum
Pteridophytes
222
Adiantum is called walking fern due to
Vegetative reproduction
223
Spore producing part of pteridophytes is
SPORANGIA of sporophyte
| NOTE: in bryophytes it is capsule of sporophyte
224
In which class of pteridophytes is the stem distinctly differentiated into node and internode
SPHENOPSIDA. ( = equisetum)
225
In ferns permanent roots are ________
Rhizome
226
The antherozoids of ferns are ______ ( bi/multi/uni) flagellate .
MULTIFLAGELLATE
227
Most advanced gymnosperm belong to -
Gnetales
228
Ovule is morphologically similar to -
Megasporangium
229
Which group is largest in gymnosperms ?
Conifers
230
Spore bearing tracheophytes -
Pteridophyta
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
231
Living fossil (gymnosperms )-
Cycas
Ginkgo
Psilotum
232
Sequoia belongs to -( a class of gymnosperms )
Coniferales
233
Which plant group is exclusively perennial -
Gymnosperms
234
In Ginkgo , male gametes are -
| Motile / non-motile
Motile
235
Male gamete of Cycas is largest in plant kingdom , is ________ (bi / uni / multi flagellate )
Multiciliate
236
The mode of pollination in gymnosperms -
Anemophily ( air )
237
Vessels and companion cells are found in phylum -
Angiosperm
238
Which phylum has max power of adaptation -
Angiosperm
239
Modern day ( advanced) plants are -
Monocots
240
Which phylum has archegonia nut no antheridia -
Gymnosperm
241
In bryophytes , sporophyte of _________ is the simplest .
Riccia
242
PROTONEMA of bryophytes developed from spores is called -
And
PROTONEMA developed from parts other than spores is called-
Primary PROTONEMA
And
Secondary PROTONEMA
243
Female gamete of Bryophyta is called -
| Male gamete -
Egg
Antherozoid
244
2 phylums which come under SIPHONOGAMA .
Gymnos
And
Angios
245
Vegetative reproduction in mosses is by fragmentation and budding in the __________ PROTONEMA .
Secondary
246
Most pteridophytes are homosporous/ heterosporous .
Homosporous
247
In pteridophytes , __________ are also photosynthetic .
Sporophylls
248
In the plant kingdom , ________ is always non-vascular
Gametophyte
249
In pteridophytes , ________ is non-vascular.
Prothallus( gametophyte )
250
The antherozoids of pteridophytes is MULTIFLAGELATE AND SPIRAL . The exception to this statement is -
Selaginella - biflagellate and spindle shaped
251
Archegonia and antheridia are present on the _______ surface of fern prothallus .
Ventral
252
Female gametophyte in gymnos is called
Endosperm.
253
Horse tails are included in which class of pteridophytes
Sphenopsida
253
Largest group of pteridophytes -
Pteropsida
254
In ________ roots are 2 types : tap and collaroid .
Cycas
256
The stems of cycas are __________ and those of pinus/cedrus are __________.
Unbranched
| Branched
257
Other name for the common club moss -
Lycopodium - pteridophyta ( lycopsida )
258
The leaves on _____________ are well-adapted to extreme conditions .
Gymnos
260
Which 2 phylums are included under SPERMATOPHYTA .
Angios
And
Gymnos
261
Meaning of spermatophyta .
Seed bearing plants
262
Embryo and seed formation occurs but no fruit formation
Gymnos . Becoz of absence of ovary
263
All gymnos are vascular . T/F
T
264
The development of polen grains takes place within the _________ in gymnos .
MICROSPORANGIUM
265
The other name for multicellular female gametophyte in gymnosperms .
Endosperm
266
The multicellular female gametophyte in gymnos is retained within ________
Megasporangium ( OVULE )
267
In gymnos , the megasporangium is made of a diploid tissue also called _________ .
Nucellus
268
Pollinated pollen grains are stored in _____________ .
Pollen chamber of ovule .
269
2 main requirements for seed formation :
Heterosporous condition of plant
| Endospric germination of megaspore .
270
The process in which male gametes are non -motile and are transferred to female gamete by pollen tube. .
Siphonogamy
271
In _______ female cone is absent .
Cycas
272
Most advanced gymnos -
Gnetales
273
In gymnos ,endosperm is formed _________ fertilisation.
Before
284
Gymnos are woody becoz ____________ takes place in them .
Secondary growth .
285
Male sex organ is called ___________ and female is called ________.
Antheridium
| OOGONIUM
286
Sex organs of algae are _______ and ________.
Unicellular and jacketless
287
An exceptional algae which has diplontic life cycle .....
Brown - FUCUS
288
Most advanced algae -
Green
289
Green algae have a rigid cell wall made of an inner layer of __________ and outer layer of _____________.
Cellulose
| PECTOSE
290
Motile unicellular algae -
Chlamydomonas
291
Volvox has ________ colony .
Motile
292
Multicellular FILAMENTOUS algae are (2)-
Ulothrix , SPIROGYRA
293
In brown algae , __________ cells have a cellulosic wall covered on the outside by a gelatinous coating of ALGIN .
Vegetative
294
Other 2 names of gelatinous coating in brown algae - which have high water holding capacity
Phycocolloids , hydrocolloids
295
Laminarin and mannitol are derivatives of _
Carbohydrates
296
Ancient primitive algae -
Red
297
2 examples of red algae are used to obtain hydrocolloid. - agar agar
Gelidium and gracilaria
298
The shape of the chloroplast of chara -
Discoid
299
The shape of chloroplast of chlamydomonas -
Cup-shaped
300
The shape of chloroplast in SPIROGYRA -
Ribbon/ spiral
301
Why is embryo not found in thallophyta ?
Because sexual reproduction takes place through zygotic meiosis .
