The government must act fairly and in accord with established rules in all that it does
due process
The government must create fair policies and laws
substantive due process
The government must employ fair procedures and methods
procedural due process
state power to enact laws promoting health, safety, and morals
police power
a warrant authorizing law enforcement officials to search for objects or people involved in the commission of a crime and to produce them in court
search warrant
forced labor
involuntary servitude
unfair treatment of a person or group on the basis of prejudice
discrimination
legal document that enabled officers to search homes and warehouses for goods that might be smuggled
writs of assistance
a reasonable basis to believe a person or premises is linked to a crime
probable cause
evidence gained as the result of an illegal act by police cannot be used against the person from whom it was seized
exclusionary rule
A court order which prevents unjust arrests and imprisonments
writ of habeas corpus
a legislative act finding a person guilty of treason or felony without a trial
bill of attainder
a law that makes an act criminal although the act was legal when it was committed
ex post facto law
the formal device by which a person can be accused of a serious crime
grand jury
an accusation of wrongdoing
indictment
the Fifth Amendment right providing that a person cannot be tried twice for the same crime
double jeopardy
a trial in which the judge alone hears the case
bench trial
the constitutional rights which police must read to a suspect before questioning can occur
Miranda Rule
a sum of money used as a security deposit to ensure that an accused person returns for his or her trial
bail
a law which allows federal judges to order that an accused felon be held, without bail, when there is good reason to believe that he or she will commit yet another serious crime before trial
preventive detention
putting a condemned person to death
capital punishment
Betrayal of one’s country
treason