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Histology > Chapter 20 Endocrine Glands > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Endocrine Glands Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

The uptake of hormones occurs where?

A

Capillaries

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2
Q

__secretion is localized dispersal of hormones in interstitial fluid or through lops of blood vessels. Usually the target cells are a short distance away

A

Paracrine Secretion

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3
Q

__secretion is signaling molecules remains on the secreting cells surface or adjacent extracellular matric and affects target cells when the cells make contact

A

Juxtacrine Secretion

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4
Q

___secretion occurs when cells produce molecules that act on themselves or cells of the same type

A

Autocrine Secretion

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5
Q

___lies below the brain in a small cavity on the sphenoid bone, sella turcica

A

Pituitary Gland

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6
Q

___is formed in the embryo partly from the developing brain and partly from the developing oral cavity

A

Pituitary Gland

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7
Q

Describe embryonic development of Pituitary Gland

A

Neural Component- neurohypophyseal bud growing from the floor of future diencephalon as an infundibulum
Oral Component- arises as an outpocketing of ECTODERM from roof of primitve mouth forming hypophyseal (Ratke) pouch

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8
Q

Why does the pituitary have two glands?

A

Because of its origin from the brain and the mouth

Adenohypophysis- derived from oral ECTODERM,has three parts (pars distalis) or anterior lobe, pars

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9
Q

___is the portion of the pituitary gland that is derived from the brain

A

Neurohypophysis

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10
Q

ADH is produced in the _____nuclei

A

Supraoptic nuclei

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11
Q

Oxytocin is produced in tthe ____nuclei

A

Paraveentricular nuclei

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12
Q

the _____arteries supplies the median eminence and the infundibullar stalk

A

Superior Hypophyseal arteries

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13
Q

The __ arteries provide blood for the neurohypophysis

A

Inferior Hypophyseal arteries

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14
Q

The ____ are a group of fenestrated capillaries that make up the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system

A

Primary Plexus

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15
Q

The __ carries neuropeptides from median eminence to the adenohypophysis

A

Hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system

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16
Q

The three parts of the adenohypophysis anterior pituitary are derived embryonically from___

A

hypophyseal pouch

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17
Q

The ___accounts for 75% of the adenohypophysis

A

Pars Distalis

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18
Q

What two cell types are in the Pars Distalis?

A

Chromophobes and Chromophils

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19
Q

__are secretory cells in which hormone is stored in cytoplasmic granules in the pars distalis

A

Chromophils

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20
Q

Acidophils secrete either ___or____ and are called somatotrophs

A

growth hormone (somatotropin) or prolactin

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21
Q

What two cell types are considered acidophils in the pars distalis

A

Somatotrophs - secrete growth hormone

Lactotrophs - secrete prolactin

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22
Q

What are the three cell types that are considered basophilic cells

A

Corticotrophs- ACTH
Gonadotrophs- secrete FSH and LH
Thyrotrophs -TSH

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23
Q

Most of the cellls of the pars tuberalis are__

A

gonadotrophs - secreting FSH and LH

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24
Q

the colloid filled cysts of the pars intermedia is derived from __

A

the lumen of the embryonic hypophyseal pouch

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25
The neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) consists of the ___ and the ___
pars nervosa and the infundibular stalk
26
____are highly branched glial cells and are the most abundant cell type in the posterior pituitary gland
Pituicytes
27
ADH and Oxytocin accumular in axonal dilations called ___ in the posterior pituitary
Herring Bodies
28
Upon release, ADH and Oxytocin get uptaken by fenestrated capillaries in the __
pars nervosa
29
____increases the permeability of the renal collecting ducts to water so more water is absorbed from the filtrate
ADH
30
The adrenal____arises from the mesoderm
cortex
31
The adrenal___arises from the neural crest
Medulla
32
From top to bottom what is the order of zones for the adrenal cortex?
``` Capsule Zona Glomerulosa Zona Fasciculata Zona Reticularis Adrenal Medulla ```
33
The hromones produced in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex are___ principal product is __
Mineralcorticoids; aldosterone
34
The middle zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex secretes____ especially____
Glucocorticoids; cortisol
35
The innermost zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex secrets ___including ___
weak androgens; DHEA dehydroepiandrosterone
36
THe medullary parenchymal cells known as ____ arise from neural crest cells
chromaffin cells
37
Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla contain many electron-dense granules for the storage and secretion of ____
catecholamines, either epinephrine or norepinephrine
38
The conversion of norepinephrine to epinephrine occurs only in ___cells of the adrenal medulla
Chromaffin cells
39
The ___of the pancreas are compact spherical or ovoid masses of endocrine cells embedded within the acinar exocrine tissue of the pancreas
Pancreatic Islets of Langerhans
40
The embryonic origin of pancreatic islet cells is the same as the pancreatic acinar tissue _____
epithelial outgrowth from endoderm of the developing gut
41
The enterochromaffin cells in both the islets and small ducts of the pancreas are similar those of the digestive tract, collectively these cells as well as those in the respiratory mucosa make up the __
diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES)
42
Cells of the DNES staining with silver nitrate care sometiems called
Argentaffin cells
43
Cells of the DNES stained by solutions of chromium salts are called
Enterochromaffin Cells
44
The thryoid gland originates embryonically from the ____
foregut endoderm near the base of the the developing tongue
45
What three hormones are secreted by the thyroid gland?
Thyroxine, triiodothyronine and Calcitonin
46
The parenchyma of the thyroid is composed of millions of rounded epithelial___
thyroid follicles
47
The central lumen of thyroid follicles of the thyroid gland are filled with gelatinous acidophilic __
colloid
48
The ___gland is the only endocrine gland where a large quantity of secretory product is stored OUTSIDE the cells
Thyroid
49
The ___cells secrete Thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine
Thyrocytes or Follicular cells
50
The __cells of the thyroid gland secrete calcitonin
Parafollicular cells
51
Embryonically, parafollicular cells are derived from___
neural crest
52
The major regulator of the anatomical and functional state of thyroid follicles is ___
TSH (thyrotropin)
53
The parathyroid gland is usually embedded in the __ capsule
thyroid glands capsule
54
The parathyroid gland is embryonically derived from ___
embryonic pharyngeal pouch
55
The superior parathyroid glands are embryonically derived from__and the inferior parathyroid gland are derived from__
Superior parathyroid gland derived from FOURTH pouch | Inferior parathyroid derived from the THIRD pouch
56
Endocrine cells of the parathyroid are called____
principal (chief) cells
57
The parathyroid hormone (PTH) has three targets __,___, and____
Osteoblasts respond by producing osteoclast stimulating factor to resorption of calcified bone matric and release of CA - distal convoluted tubule stimulates Ca reabsorption - indirectly stimulates absorption in small intestine by stimulating vitamin D activation
58
___ are much larger than the common prinicpal cells of the parathyroid gland and found commonly in old people as secretory cells are replaced with adipocytes
Oxyphils
59
Oxyphils stain___ and principal cells stain__
pink, purple
60
The __gland regulates the daily rhythms of body activities
Pineal Gland
61
The embryonic origin of the pineal gland is that it___
develops from neuroectoderm in the posterior wall of the third ventricle and remains attacehd to the brain by a short talk
62
Prominent and abundant secretory cells of the pineal gland____ produce melatonin
Pinealocytes
63
Melatonin is release from pinealocytes when___
it is dark and inhibited during daylight
64
Characteristic feature of the pineal gland is the presence of various sized concentrations of calcium and magnesium salts call___ or brain sand
Corpora Arenacea
65
Pituitary gland is a ventral outgrowth of the second part of the brain called the __
diencephalon
66
The ___wraps around the infundibulum of the anterior pituitary gland
Pars Tuberalis

Histology (6 decks)

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