Chapter 21 Flashcards by Rachel Brenner

What is the chemical name of a drug?

The first name when a drug is developed - identifies the actual chemical structure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the generic name of a drug?

Name given when the drug becomes commercially available - simpler name derived from the chemical name

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is another name for generic name?

Nonproprietary name

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a trade name/brand name?

Names given to drugs to specify that drug is made by a specific company

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Examples of trade names?

Motrin and Advil

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are other ways to classify drugs?

By action or legal classification

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Drugs that are grouped together because they relieve pain are called:

Analgesics

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How are drugs classified according to the law?

Prescription and non-prescription

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are examples of non-prescription drugs?

Vitamins, dietary supplements

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the most common dosage form?

Tablet

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Characteristics of tablets

Can be enteric coated or scored

Some may be extended release

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Characteristics of capsules

Can be powdered or liquid drug contained in a gelatin shell

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is inhalation dosage used for?

Local or systemic effects

Local - Asthema or COPD
Systemic - General anesthesia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Characteristics of a solution dosage?

One or more drugs dissolved on liquid carrier.

Rapidly absorbed

Administered orally or parenterally

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Characteristics of suspension dosage?

One or more drugs in small particles are suspended in liquid carrier

Not water soluble - should be shaken before administered

Should not be administered intravenously

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Characteristics of Transdermal patch?

Applied to skin surface and absorbed into the blood stream

Releases drug over time

Metals in patch can overheat in MRI

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Can a patient be prescribed 2 different action classification of drugs for same symptom?

Yes.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are analgesics?

Drugs that releive pain without causing loss of consiousness

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the two categories of Analgesics?

Opioids (narcotic)
Non-opioids (non-narctoric)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are examples of Opioids and their side effects?

Morphine and Demerol

Nausea, vomitting, consitipation
Possible physiological dependency

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are examples of Non-opioids?

Tylenol

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Relationship between opioids and addiction

Addiction is not common with long term opioid use

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are anesthetics?

Act on the CNC to produce a loss of sensation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Two types of anesthetics?

General and Local

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Examples of general anesthetics?

Ether Pentothal

How does local anesthetic work?

Block nerve conduction to that part of the body

Examples of local anesthetics?

Novocain, lidocaine

How is general anesthetics administered?

Inhalation or IV

When is general anesthetics used?

Major surgery

Side effects of local anesthetic?

Irregular heartbeat, difficulty breathing or death

How do anti-anxiety medications work?

Act on CNS to clam patient

What are examples of anti-anxiety agents?

Valium and Ativan Versed - pre-op drug Xanax

What are antiarrhythymics?

Used to treat heart arrythmias

What is an example of an antiarrhythymic?

Cordorone

What are antibiotics used for?

To destory or inhbit growth of microorganisms

What are the two kinds of antibiotics?

Broad spectrum Narrow spectrum

What is broad spectrum effective against?

Large number of microorganisms

What is narrow spectrum effective against?

Small number of microorganisms

What is an example of board spectrum antibiotics?

Z-pak, Cirpo

What is an example of narrow spectrum antibiotics?

Penicillin and Erythromyacin

How do Anticholinergic (anti-spasmatic) agents work?

Reduce smooth muscle tone, motility of GI tract, and secretions of respiratory tract secretory glands

Side effects of anticholinergics?

Dry mouth Rapid heartbeat Delirium

What are examples of anticholinergics?

Atropine

When is Atropine used?

Pre-op to inhibit secretions and prevent bradycardia

What do anticoagulants do?

Slow down the coagulation time of blood (prevents blood clots)

What are anticoagulants used for?

Prevent thromboembolic disorders

Examples of anticoagulants?

Heparin Coumadin

During what exam is Heparin used for?

Angiography, so catheter does not collect blood clots on it when placed in vessel

How is Heparin administered?

Invravenously - should not be intramuscular because it can cause a hematoma

What is Coumadin?

Oral anti-coagulant

Side effect of Heparin?

Too much can cause internal bleeding and hemorraging

What are anticonvulsants used for?

Drugs used to prevent or control seizures, either grand mal or petite

Examples of anticonvulsants?

Dilantin - grand mal Depakote - petite

How long does it take for antidepressents to work?

6-12 weeks

Examples of antidepressants?

Prozac Zoloft Paxil Lexapro

What is associated with depression?

Low serotonin levels

How does serotonin work?

Makes synapse of the nerves more smooth

What are SSRIs used for?

Panic disorders

Side effects of antidepressants?

Nausea and vomitting

What are the two types of diabetes?

Type 1 (diabetic mellitus) Type 2

How are Diabetes type 1 and type 2 different?

Type 1 - absence of insulin Type 2 - insulin deficiency and insulin resistance

How is Type 1 diabetes treated?

Insulin

Medicines for Type 2 diabetes?

Glyburide (micronanse) Glipzide (glucotrol) Metformin (glucophage or glucovane) Pioglitzone (actos)

When should Metformin not be taken?

Prior to iodinated contrast studies - can cause renal failure

What are antiemetics?

Drugs used to prevent nausea and vomitting

Common antiemetics?

Compazine and Zofran

Function of antihistamines?

Treat both acute and chronic disorders

Two groups of antihistamines?

Sedating (first generation) Non-sedating (second generation)

Example of sedating antihistamine:

Benadryl Administered intramusculary, if emergency

Example of non-sedating antihistamine?

Claritin - taken orally for not as severe allergic reactions

Function of antihyperlipdemic agents?

Reduce lipid levels in blood steam which can lead to Atherosclerosis

What is the main group of antihyperlipdemics?

Statins

Two common statin drugs are:

Lipitor and Zocor

Side effects of statin drugs?

Constipation, abdominal pain, muscle pain, liver abnormalities

What should cholestorol levels be to take statins?

Less than 200

What is the leading cause of death in the US for both men and women?

Coronary Heart Disease caused by Atheroscerosis

What are antihypertensive agents used to treat?

Hypertension - high blood pressure

Examples of antihypertensive agents?

Tenormin (atenolol) Lopressor (metopropol) Vasotec (enalapril)

What are antiplatelets used for?

Inhibit platelet build up in blood steam

When are antiplatelets needed?

Myocardial infraction Strokes Trans Ischemic attack

What does Ischemia mean?

Not getting enough blood

Antiplatletes are often refered to as:

Blood thinners

Examples of blood thinners(antiplatelets)?

Aspirin Plavix (clopidogrel) Repro

Side effect of blood thinners?

Can cause bleeding

What are antiphychotics used for?

Treat psychiatric disorders

Adverse effects of antiphychotics?

Sedation and orthostatic hypotension

Example of antipsychotic?

Haloperidol (Haldol)

What are antiulcer agents used for?

Peptic ulcers - both gastro and duodenal and GERD

What is GERD?

Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease Reflux of acid from stomach into esophagus

What are peptic ulcers from?

Helicobacter Pylori

Common anti-ulcer drugs

Zantac Prevacid

What are antivirals used for?

Inhibit or supress growth of viruses (pathogens)

What are common viral infections?

Herpes Simplex Chicken Pox Shingles Influenza HIV

What are the common antiviral drugs used to treat HIV?

Retrovir AZT

What are Bronchodilators used for?

Treatement of asthma and COPD

What are side effects of Bronchodilators?

Nervousness Tachycardia

What is a common bronchodilator?

Albuterol

What are Cholinesterase inhibitors used for?

Alzheimer's Disease

What do Cholinesterase inhibitors do?

Prevents too much uptake of acetylcholine - a major neurotransmitter

What do Coagulants do?

Control hemorrage or speed up coagulation

What are most Coagulants manufactured from?

Vitamin K

What are Corticosteroids used for?

Treat both long term chronic inflammation disorders and short term acute inflammatory disorders

What is a common Corticosteriod?

Flovent - Fluticasone

What are diuretics used for?

Increase the amount of urine being excreted by the kidneys

What is a common diuretic?

Furosemide (Lasix)

What is Lasix?

A diuretic used to treat fluid backup that may come from congestive heart failure

What are diuretics often used with?

Antihypertensive drugs

What are Emetics?

Drugs used to produce vomitting

What is a common Emetic?

Ipecac

What are hormone drugs used for?

To stimulate the functional activity of the hormonal system

What is a common HR drug that stimulates hormones?

Premarin

Common HR drugs that inhibit hormones?

Tamoxifen - estrogen inhibitor

What are mood stabilizing drugs used for?

Prevent mood swings Treat bipolar disorder

What are NSAIDS used for?

Act as an analgesic Fever reducer Inflammation

Common NSAID?

Ibuprofen (Motrin)

What NSAID was on the news for causing CV issues?

Celebrex

What are sedatives used for?

Mild sedation to complete sleep

Side effect of sedatives?

Can lead to physical dependence

Common sedative?

Zolpidem (Ambien)

What are stimulants used for?

Increase function and/or activity of CNS and brain

Common stimulants for ADHD?

Ritalin and Adderall

Common stimulant found on crash cart?

Intropin - prevent shock and hypertension

What are Thrombolytics used for?

Dissolve clots (thrombi)

Common Thrombolytic?

Activase - adminstered parenterally for MI/stroke

What does Vasocontrictors do?

Cause blood vessels to constrict

Common vasoconstrictor?

Norepinephrine

What do Vasodilators do?

Cause blood vessels to dilate

What are Vasodilators used for?

Vasular disease and angina (heart pain)

Common vasodilator?

Nitroglycerin Epineprhine