Chapter 21 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the exact chemical makeup?
A
chemical name
2
Q
What is the legal and scientific name?
A
generic name
3
Q
What is the trademark of durg manufacturer?
A
brand name
4
Q
Unabbreviate FDA
A
Food and Drug Administration
5
Q
Unabbreviate USP
A
United States Pharmacopeia
6
Q
Unabbreviate PDR
A
Physicians’ Desk Reference
7
Q
What is another type of drug standard and reference without an abbreviation?
A
Hospital Formulary
8
Q
What are the different types of drug administration
A
- oral
- sublingual
- rectal
- parenternal
- inhalation
- topical
9
Q
What are the different types of parenteral drug administration?
A
- intracavitary injection
- intradermal injection
- intramuscular injection (IM)
- intrathecal injection
- intravenous injection
- subcutaneous injection (SC)
10
Q
What is the receptor?
A
target of drug
11
Q
What are the different types of action and interaction of drugs in the body?
What are the two additional actions of drugs?
A
- combination of two drugs
- additive action
- antagonistic
- synergistic
- tolerance
- addiction
12
Q
What is pertaining to under the tongue?
A
sublingual
13
Q
What are the types of drug toxicities?
A
- unwanted and dangerous effects
- idiosyncrasy (unexpected and uncommon anaphylaxis)
- latrogenic (produced by treatment)
- side effects
- contraindications (dangerous and ill-advised use)
- resistance (lack of beneficial responces)
14
Q
What are the types of cardiovascular drugs?
A
- angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
- Angiotensin II receptor anagonists
- antiarrhythmics
- beta-blockers
- calcium antagonistic/calcium channel blockers
- cholesteral-lowering drugs
- diuretics
15
Q
What are the types of endocrine drugs?
A
- androgens
- antiandrogens
- estrogens
- antiestrogen
- selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)
- progestins
- thyroid hormone
- glucocorticoids
16
Q
What are the types of gastrointestinal drugs?
A
- antacids
- antiulcer (histamine receptor blockers)
- antidiarrheal
- cathartics (laxatives/purgatives)
- antinauseants (antiemetics)
17
Q
What is the abbreviation for discontinue
A
D.C., d.c., d/c
18
Q
What is the abbreviation for over the counter?
A
OTC
19
Q
What is the abbreviation for millequivalent?
A
mEq
20
Q
What is the abbreviation for milk of magnesia
A
M.O.M.
21
Q
What is the abbreviation for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory durg
A
NSAID
22
Q
What is the abbreviation for ointment
A
ung
23
Q
What is the abbreviation for ampule
A
amp
24
Q
What is the abbreviation for syrup
A
syr
25
What is the abbreviation for tincture
tinct
26
What is the abbreviation for spansules
spans
27
What is the abbreviation for spirits
spt
28
What is the abbreviation for elixir
elix
29
What is the abbreviation for compound
comp
30
What is the abbreviation for suspension
susp
31
What is the abbreviation for emulsion
emul
32
What is the abbreviation for tablet
tab
33
What is the abbreviation for 5% dextrose in water
D5W
34
What is the abbreviation for capsule
cap
35
What is the abbreviation for suppository
supp
36
What is the abbreviation for enteric coated
E.C.
37
What is the abbreviation for right eye
O.D.
38
What is the abbreviation for left eye
O.S.
39
What is the abbreviation for both eyes
O.U.
40
What is the abbreviation for left it be labeled
sig
41
What is the abbreviation for one-half
(line over)-ss
42
What is the abbreviation for tonight
tonoc
43
What is the abbreviation for aspirin
ASA
44
What is the abbreviation for nitroglycerin
NTG
45
What is the abbreviation for keep vein open
KVO
46
What is the abbreviation for greater than
>
47
What is the abbreviation for less than
<
48
What is the abbreviation for tablespoon
T/tblsp
49
What is the abbreviation for teaspoon
t/tsp
50
What is the abbreviation for nasogastric
N/G
51
What is the abbreviation for cubic centimeter
cc
52
What is the abbreviation for grain
gr
53
What is the abbreviation for gram
gm
54
What is the abbreviation for dram
(cursive)-y
55
What is the abbreviation for ounce
(cursive)-z
56
What is the abbreviation for microgram
mcg
57
What is the abbreviation for minum
m
58
What is the abbreviation for milliliters
ml
59
What is the abbreviation for milligram
mg/mgm
60
What is the abbreviation for drops
gtt
61
What is the abbreviation for intramuscular
IM
62
What is the abbreviation for intravenous
IV
63
What is the abbreviation for hypodermic
H
64
What is the abbreviation for subcutaneous
subQ, subcu
65
What is the abbreviation for orally
po, (o)
66
What is the abbreviation for rectally
R
67
What is the abbreviation for sublingual
SL
68
What is the abbreviation for one
(line over)-1
69
What is the abbreviation for 2
(line over)-11
70
What is the abbreviation for 1 1/2
(line over)-1ss
71
What is the abbreviation for 5
(line over and under)-v
72
What is the abbreviation for 10
(line over and under)-x
73
What is the abbreviation for change
(triangle)
74
What is the abbreviation for duration of hospital stay
DHS
75
What is the abbreviation for postprandial (following a meal)
PP
76
What is the abbreviation for with
(line over)-c
77
What is the abbreviation for morning (usually 9am)
AM
78
What is the abbreviation for afternoon (12am)
PM
79
What is the abbreviation for everyday (9am)
QD
80
What is the abbreviation for twice daily (9am, 5pm)
BID
81
What is the abbreviation for three times daily (9am, 1pm, 5pm)
TID
82
What is the abbreviation for four times daily (9am, 1pm, 5pm, 9pm)
QID
83
What is the abbreviation for before a meal
AC
84
What is the abbreviation for after a meal
PC
85
What is the abbreviation for bedtime, hour of sleep
HS
86
What is the abbreviation for every four hours around the clock
q4h
87
What is the abbreviation for every six hours around the clock
q6h
88
What is the abbreviation for every eight hours
q8h
89
What is the abbreviation for every twelve hours
q12h
90
What is the abbreviation for may repeat one time
MRx1
91
What is the abbreviation for as needed
prn
92
What is the abbreviation for after
(line over)-p
93
What is the abbreviation for dispense as written
daw
94
What is the abbreviation for intravenous piggyback
IVPB
95
What is the abbreviation for intravenous push
IVP
96
What is the abbreviation for large dose of med at one time
bolus
97
Define IVPB
allow two substances be used at once into patient
98
Define IVP
ability to push medication through IV
99
where are antibiotics derived from?
molds
100
What divisions are followed by pharmacology?
- medicinal chemistry
- pharmacodynamics
- phatmacokinetics
- molecular pharmacology
- chemotherapy
- toxicology
101
What is the study of new drug synthesis and the relationship between chemical structure and biologic effects?
medicinal chemistry
102
What is the study of a durg's effect on its target in the body?
pharmacodynamics
103
What is the study of drug interactions and subcellular entities (DNA, RNA, enzymes)
molecular pharmacology
104
What is the study of drug absorbtion, distribution into body compartments, metabolism, and excretion over a period of time?
pharmokinetics
105
What is the study of drugs that destroy infectious microorganisms (virus, bacteria, parasite, cancer cell)
chemotherapy
106
What is the study of harmful effects of drugs and chemicals son the body?
toxicology
107
What is a substance that prevent or reverse the unwanted effects of drugs?
antidote
108
What are the three different types of names for a drug?
- chemical
- generic
- brand
109
what drug name is the exact chemical makeup of the drug?
chemical name
110
What drug name that identifies the drug legally and scientifically?
generic name
111
How many generic names are there per drug?
1
112
What drug name is the private property of the individual drug manufacturer, no competitor may use it, usually has a subscription R after or before the name?
brand name
113
What are the brand names for amoxicillin?
- amoxil
- polymox
- trimox
114
What is an independent committee of physicians, pharmacologists, pharmacists, and manufacturers?
united States pharmacopia (USP)
115
What has the responsibility for deciding whether a drug may be distributed and sold and dor what specific disease indication or disease?
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
116
117
118
Where are two large drug reference listings?
- library
- hospital
119
What drug reference listings is complete and up to date?
hospital formulary
120
What is published by a private firm, and drug manufatures pay to have their products listed?
Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR)
121
Define oral administration.
How does it work?
- drugs given by mouth
- fluids dissolved in stomach or intestinal tract
- enters bloodstream
122
What are the disadvantages of oral administration?
- take hours before entering the bloodstream
- may be destroyed in digestive tract, ineffective
123
How does sublingual administration work?
- drug placed under tongue
- dissolves in saliva
- may be rapid
124
What is Nitroglycerin tablets used for?
What administration is it?
- treat attacks of angina (chest pain)
- sublingual
125
How does rectal administration work?
When is this method recomended?
- suppositories (cone-shaped object with drug) and aqueous solutions inserted into rectum
- when there difficculties with oral administration
126
How does parenteral administration work?
- injection from syringe through hollow needle in skin
- into muscle, vein, or body cavity
127
What are the types of parenteral aministrations?
- intracavitary
- intradermal injection
- subsutaneous (hypodermic) injection (subQ)
- Intramuscular injection (IM)
- intrathecal instillation
- intravenous injection (IV)
128
How does intracavitary instillation work?
injection into body cavity
129
How does intradermal infection work?
superficial infection into upper layers of skin
- usually for skin testing for allergies
130
How does subcutaneous injection work?
What's an example?
- hypodermic needle into subcutaneous tissue
- usually on upper arm, thigh, or abdomen
- injection of insulin
131
How does intramuscular injection (IM) work?
- buttock of upper arm
- rapid absorbtion
132
How does intra thecal instillation work?
- instillation into space under membranes surround the spinal cord and brain
133
How does intravenous injection work?
- injection into vein
134
Define aerosols
- particles of drug suspended in air
- administered by inhalation
- treat asthma
135
How does topical application work?
- applied onto skin or mucous membrane
136
Define antisepsis
against infection
137
Define antipruritics
against itching
138
What is it when a drug enters the body and produces its effect by interacting with a specific target?
receptor
139
What is the exact dose, timing, and frequecy of drug administration?
schedule
140
Drefine additive action
combination of two similar drugs is equal to the sum of each effects
141
When drugs give less than an additive effect, what's it called?
antagonistic
142
When drugs give more than an additive effect, what's it called?
synergistic
143
Define addiction
physical and psychologic dependence on craving for a drug
144
Define controlled substance
drugs that produce dependence and have potential for abuse or addiction
145
146
Define iatrogenic
produced by treatment
147
What are factors in a patient's condition that make the use of a drug dangerous and ill-adised?
contraindications
148
Define analgesic
pertaining to without sensitivity to pain
- drug that lessens pain
149
What are different types antimicrobials?
- antibiotics
- antifungals
- antivirals
- antiprotozoans
150
define antihistamines
block the action of histamine
- released in allergic reactions
151
Define antiemetic
prevention of nausea
152
What are selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)?
block estrogen-simulation effects on breast cancer tissue
153
What food sources contain vitamin A?
- leafy, green and yellow vegetables
154
What food sources contain vitamin B1?
- yeast
- ham
- milk
155
What food sources contain vitamin B2?
- milk
- green vegetables
156
What food sources contain vitamin B3?
- peanuts
- fish
157
What food sources contain vitamin B9?
- vegetables
- cereal
158
What food sources contain vitamin B12?
- milk
- eggs
159
What food sources contain vitamin C?
- citrus fruit
- vegetables
160
What food sources contain vitamin D?
- milk
- egg yolk
161
What food sources contain vitamin E?
- cereal
- egg yolk
162
What food sources contain vitamin K?
- kale
- spinach
163
