chapter 21 Cardiovascular; Heart

Question 1

The 2 circuits of the heart

Answer 1

pulmonary and systemic

Question 2

The pulmonary system does what?

Answer 2

carried CO2 rich blood from the heart to the gas exchange surfaces of the lungs and returns oxygen rich blood to the heart

Question 3

the systemic circuit does what?

Answer 3

transports O2 rich blood from the heart to the rest of the bodys cells, returns carbon dioxide rich blood back to the heart

Question 4

what contracts first when the heart beats?

Answer 4

the atrias

Question 5

pericardial cavity

Answer 5

a portion of the ventral body cavity that holds the heart

Question 6

what is the pericardium?

Answer 6

the serous membrane lining the pericardial cavity

Question 7

what are the three layers of the heart wall?

Answer 7

epicardium, myocardium and endocardium

Question 8

How do cardiac muscle cells differ from skeletal muscle fiber?

Answer 8

cardiac muscle cell contains organized myofibrils and their alignment of their sacromeres produces striations

Question 9

cardiac muscles cells are dependent on what kind of respiration?

Answer 9

aerobic

Question 10

what id the fibrous skeleton?

Answer 10

the extensive connective tissue network of the heart

Question 11

what are the functions of the fibrous skeleton?(6)

Answer 11

stabilizes the positions of the muscle cells and valves, physical support, distributing the forces of contraction, reinforces the valves/ helps prevent overexpansion of the heart, provides elasticity, isolates the atrial muscle cells from the ventricular muscles

Question 12

parts of the atrium include

Answer 12

superior vena cava, inderior vena cava and coronary sinus

Question 13

what does the superior vena cava do?

Answer 13

delivers venous blood from the head, neck, upper limbs, and chest

Question 14

what does the inferior vena cava do?

Answer 14

delivers venous blood to the rest of the trunk

Question 15

what do the veins do?

Answer 15

collect blood from the heart wall and deliver it to the coronary sinus

Question 16

What is the interatrial septum?

Answer 16

separates the right and left atria

Question 17

what are the three fibrous flaps?

Answer 17

Right AV valve (tricupsid), left AV valve (bicupsid), and pulmonary vavle (semilunar valve)

Question 18

Right AV valve

Answer 18

oxygen our venous blood travels from the right atrium to the right ventricle through the tricupsid/ right AV valve. (I tri to do right)

Question 19

what is the interventicular septum?

Answer 19

a thick muscular portion that separates the two ventricles

Question 20

what is the conus arteriosus

Answer 20

superior end of the right ventricle tapered to a smooth wall, cone shaped pouch.

Question 21

pulmonary valve

Answer 21

the end of the conus arteriosus

Question 22

what is the pulmonary trunk?

Answer 22

the start of the pulmonary circuit. as blood is ejected from the right ventricle, it passes through the semilunar valve and enters the pulmonary trunk

Question 23

the left AV valve/ bicupsid/mitral

Answer 23

blood flowing from the left atrium into the left ventricle

Question 24

the left ventricle is the _____

Answer 24

thickest wall of any other chamber

Question 25

what is the aortic valve?

Answer 25

blood leaves the left ventricle by passing through the aortic valve into the ascending aorta

Question 26

what is auscultation

Answer 26

technique of using a stethoscope to listen to the lubb-dupp heart sounds

Question 27

the lubb sound of the heart is what?

Answer 27

the first sound you hear and is produced as the AV valves close at the start of ventricular systole

Question 28

the dupp sound of the heart is what?

Answer 28

the second heart soundsthat occurs at the beginning of ventricular diastole, when the semilunar valves close

Question 29

the third sound of the heart beat is associated with what?

Answer 29

blood flowing into the ventricle

Question 30

the fourth sound of the heart is associated with what?

Answer 30

atrial contraction

Question 31

what is coronary circulation?

Answer 31

supplies blood to the muscle tissue of the heart

Question 32

systole

Answer 32

contraction

Question 33

diastole

Answer 33

relaxation

Question 34

what are nodal cells?

Answer 34

sinoatrial and atrioventicular

Question 35

pacemaker cells are

Answer 35

rapidly depolarizing cells that are found in the SA node

Question 36

acetylcholine (ACh) does what to the heart when released?

Answer 36

slows the heart rate

Question 37

what does norepinepherine do to the heart when released?

Answer 37

increases the heart rate

Question 38

define bradycardia

Answer 38

the term used to indicate a heart rate that is slower than normal.

Question 39

define tachycardia

Answer 39

a faster than normal heart rate

Question 40

what does the P wave symbolize?

Answer 40

depolarization of the atria

Question 41

what does the QRS complex symbolize?

Answer 41

ventricles depolarize

Question 42

what does the T wave symbolize?

Answer 42

indicates ventricular repolarization