Chapter 21: The Oral Cavity, Pharynx, and Esophagus Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 21: The Oral Cavity, Pharynx, and Esophagus Deck (87)
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1
Q

Boundaries of oral cavity

A
  1. Vermillion border to junction of hard and soft palate

2. Circumvallate papillae (linea terminalis)

2
Q

Subunits of oral cavity

A
  1. Lip
  2. Buccal mucosa
  3. Upper and lower alveolar ridges
  4. Retromolar trigone
  5. Oral tongue (anterior to circumvallate papillae)
  6. Hard palate
  7. Floor if mouth
3
Q

Boundaries of oropharynx

A
  1. Junction of hard and soft palate

2. Circumvallate papillae to valleculae (plane of hyoid bone)

4
Q

Subunits of oropharynx

A
  1. Soft palate and uvula
  2. base of tongue
  3. pharyngoepiglottic and glossoepiglottic folds
  4. palatine arch (fossae with palatine tonsils and pillars)
  5. valleculae
  6. lateral and posterior pharyngeal walls
5
Q

boundaries of hypopharynx

A

level of hyoid bone to level of inferior border if cricoid cartilage

6
Q

subunits of hypopharynx

A
  1. pyriform sinus
  2. posterior and lateral pharyngeal walls
  3. postcricoid region
7
Q

boundaries of esophagus

A

from cricoid cartilage to cardia of stomach

8
Q

subunits of esophagus

A
  1. UES
  2. body
  3. LES
9
Q

dimensions of esophagus

A

16 cm: incisors to cricopharyngeal sphincter

38-40cm: incisors to stomach

10
Q

orifice is lateral to 2nd molars

A

parotid (stenson’s)

11
Q

orifice is in midline floor of mouth adjacent to lingual frenulum

A

submaxillary (wharton’s)

12
Q

multiple orifices draining into floor of mouth or into submaxillary duct

A

sublingual (rivinu’s)

13
Q

covercthe anterior 2/3 of rhe tongue including filiform (no taste function) fungiform (diffuse) and foliate (lateral tongue)

A

papillae

14
Q

are large and lie in a V-shape at the juction of the anterior and posterior portions of the tongue

A

circumvallate papillae

15
Q

a groovw at the anterior margin of the circumvallate papillae

A

sulcus terminalis

16
Q

a pit at the junction of the sulcus terminalis from which the embryologic thyroid begins its descent

A

foramen cecum

17
Q

anterior fold of mucous memnrane attaches the anterior inferior aspect of the tongue to the floor of mouth and gingiva

A

frenulum

18
Q

lymphoid tissue extending over the base of the tongue

A

lingual tonsil

19
Q

depressions on either side of the midline glossoepiglottic fold extending to the level of the hyoid bone

A

valleculae

20
Q

extrinsic muscles of tongue

CN XII

A
  1. genioglossus
  2. hyoglossus
  3. styloglossus
  4. palatoglossus
21
Q

intrinsic muscles of tongue

CN XII

A
  1. superior and inferior longitudinal
  2. vertical
  3. transverse
22
Q

defines midline and contains a triangular fat pad

A

fibrpus septae (septum linguae)

23
Q

sensations of tounch, pain, temperature transmitted via lingual nerve (V3)

A

anterior 2/3 of the tongue (oral tongue)

24
Q

taste sensation on the anteririor 2/3 of tongue is transmitted via…

A

lingual nerve to chorda tympani

25
Q

taste

A

papillae—afferent fibers—lingual nerve—chorda tympani—geniculate ganglion—intermediary nerve—nucleus solitarius

26
Q

touch and gag (visceral afferent) sensation of posterior 2/3 is transmitted via…

A

CN IX to nucleus solitarius

27
Q

vascular supply of tongue

A
lingual artery (2nd branch of external carotid)
lingual vein (travels with hypoglossal nerve)
28
Q

lymphatic drainage

anterior tongue

A

central drains to ipsilateral and contralateral nodes, tip to submental nodes, and marginal (lateral) to ipsilateral nodes

29
Q

lymphatic drainage

posterior tongue

A

ipsilateral and contralateral deep cervical nodes (jugulodigastric)

30
Q

forms the anterior 2/3 of the palate and consists of the palatine process of the maxilla and horizontal plates of the palatine bones

A

hard palate

31
Q

hard palate epithelium

A

stratified squamous epithelium

32
Q

foramina of the palate

A
  1. greater palatine foramen
  2. accessory palatine foramen
  3. incisural foramen
33
Q

conveys descending palatine branch of V2 to innerbate palate as well as descending palatine artery
is 1 cm medial to 2nd molar

A

greater palatine foramen

34
Q

posterior to greater palatine foramen

conveys lesser descending palatine artery to soft palate

A

accessory palatine foramen

35
Q

lies midline of anterior palate

transmits incisural artery to anterior septum

A

incisural foramen

36
Q

blood supply to palate

A

maxillary artery—
descending palatine artery
1. greater palatine artery (hard palate)
2. lesser palatine artery (soft palate)

37
Q

venous drainage

hard palate veins

A

—>pterygoid plexus—>internal jugular

38
Q

venous drainage

soft palate veins

A
  1. pharyngeal plexus—>internal jugular

2. external palatine—>tonsillar fossa—>facial vein or pharyngeal vein

39
Q

total saliva

A

1500ml/d

40
Q

saliva

when unstimulated, 2/3 are secreted by…

A

submaxillary glands

41
Q

saliva

when stimulated, 2/3 are secreted by…

A

parotid glands

42
Q

saliva components

A
  1. 5% water

0. 5% organic or inorganic solids

43
Q

electrolyte components of saliva

A

Na 10 mEq/L
K 26 mEq/L
Chlorine 10 mEq/L
bicarbonate 30 mEq/L

44
Q

pH of saliva

A

6.2 to 7.4

45
Q

organic component of saliva

A
  1. glycoprotein

2. amylase

46
Q

muscles of mastication

A
  1. masseter
  2. temporal
  3. lateral pterygoid
  4. medial pterygoid
47
Q

blood suppky of muscles of mastication

A

branches of maxillary artery

48
Q

nerve supply of muscles of mastication

A

V3 (motor branch)

49
Q

muscles of soft palate

A
  1. palatoglossus (anterior pillar)
  2. palatophryngeus (posterior pillar)
  3. musculus uvulae
  4. levator veli palatini
  5. tensor veli palatini
50
Q

muscle of soft palate that approximates palate to tongue and narrows oropharyngeal opening

A

palatoglossus

51
Q

muscle if soft palate that raises larynx and pharynx, closing oropharyngeal aperture

A

palatopharyngeus

52
Q

muscles of soft palate that shortens uvula

A

musculus uvulae

53
Q

muscle of soft palate that raises soft palate to contact posterior pharyngeal wall

A

levator veli palatini

54
Q

muscle of soft palate that pulls soft palate laterally to give rigidity and firmness to palate

A

tensor veli palatini

55
Q

muscle originates in part on the eustachian tube cartilage

contraction opens tube

A

tensor veli palatini

56
Q

motor innervation of soft palate

A

V3 motor division—> pharyngeal plexus—>tensor veli palatini
X—>pharyngeal plexus—>remainder of palatal muscles

57
Q

sensory innervation of soft palate

A

CN V2, IX, X

58
Q

tonsillar pillar originate from the…

A

2nd and 3rd branchial arches

59
Q

tonsillar crypts are 1st noted during…

A

12th week of gestation

capsule: 20th week

60
Q

comprised of lymphoid tissue with geminal center containing 6 to 20 epithelial lined crypts

A

palatine tonsils

61
Q

capsule of palatine tonsil is separated from the…

A

superior constrictor by thin areolar tissue

62
Q

contiguous with the lymphoid tissue of the tongue base

A

palatine tonsil

63
Q

arterial blood supply of palatine tonsil

A
  1. facial—>tonsillar branch—>tonsil
  2. facial—>ascending palatine—>tonsil
  3. lingual—>dorsal lingual—>tonsil
  4. ascending pharyngeal—>tonsil
  5. maxillary—>lesser descending palatine—>tonsil
64
Q

lymphoid tissue within lip of fossa of Rosenmuller

A

gerlach’s tonsil

65
Q

venous drainage of pharynx

A
  1. lingual vein

2. pharyngeal vein

66
Q

oropharyngeal walls

A
  1. passavant’s ridge
  2. lateral pharyngeal bands
  3. muscles
67
Q

visible constriction of superior end of superior constrictor where fibers of the palatopharyngeal constrictor interdigitate
seen during approximation of palate to posterior pharyngeal wall and during elevation of the pharynx during swallowing

A

passavant’s ridge

68
Q

rests of lymphoid tissue just behind posterior pillars

A

lateral pharyngeal bands

69
Q

pharyngeal constrictors

A
  1. superior constrictor
  2. middle constrictor
  3. inferior constrictor
70
Q

pharyngeal constrictor

originates on the medial pterygoid plate, mandible, and base of tongue and inserts on median plane

A

superior constrictor

71
Q

pharyngeal constrictor

originates on the hyoid bone and stylohyoid ligament

A

middle constrictor

72
Q

pharyngeal constrictor

origin is on the oblique line of thyroid cartilage

A

inferior constrictor

73
Q

pharyngeal and laryngeal elevators (shortens pharynx)

A
  1. salpingopharyngeus
  2. stylopharyngeus
  3. stylohyoid
74
Q

pharyngeal and laryngeal elevators

origin is on the temporal bone and eustachian tube

A

salpingopharyngeus

75
Q

pharyngeal and laryngeal elevators

origin is on the styloid process

A
  1. stylopharyngeus

2. stylohyoid

76
Q

is the most inferior portion of inferior constrictor

separated from it by a triangular dehiscence termed Killian’s dehiscence

A

cricopharyngeus muscle

77
Q

other dehiscence

between the posterior cricopharyngeus amd the esophageal musculature

A

Laimer-Haeckerman space

78
Q

a lateral dehiscence inferior to the cricopharyngeus through which branches of the inferior thyrpid artery pass

A

Killian-Jamieson space

79
Q

most basic function of larynx

A

airway protection

80
Q

three phases of swallowing

A
  1. oral phase
  2. pharyngeal phase
  3. esophageal phase
81
Q

prepares the food for delivery to the pharynx

A

oral phase

82
Q

components of oral phase

A
  1. mastication
  2. addition and mixing of saliva
  3. control of bolus (tongie, lips, buccinator, palate)
  4. selection and verification of safety of bolus
83
Q

oral phase

A

voluntary control

ends when the bolus is pressed against the faucial arches to precipitate the involuntary pharyngeal phase

84
Q

trigger the involuntary pharyngeal swallow

A

preesure-sensitive receptors on anterior tonsillar pillar

85
Q

moves the bolus quickly (less than 1 sec) past the closed glottis and through upper esophageal sphincter into the esophagus

A

pharyngeal phase

86
Q

components of pharyngeal phase

A
  1. nasopharyngeal closure with palate elevation
  2. cessation of respiration (expiration)
  3. glottic closure
  4. bolus propulsion
  5. laryngeal elevation and pharyngeal shortening
  6. epiglottic rotation
  7. relaxation of cricopharyngeus muscle
87
Q

conveys boluscto the stomach in an average of 3-6 seconds with primary peristalsis and relaxation of LES

A

esophageal phase