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Intro to Radiography > Chapter 22 > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five rights of drug administration?

A

Right drug
Right amount
Right patient
Right time
Right route

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2
Q

What is required before adminstering contrast?

A

Patients consent and history

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3
Q

How to determine right drug?

A

Do not adminster a drug that you have not seen someone draw up

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4
Q

How many times should you check the drug?

A

3 times

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5
Q

When are the 3 times you should check the drug?

A
  1. Getting off shelf
  2. When drug is removed from container
  3. When container is replaced
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6
Q

How to determine right amount?

A

Measure carefully - use the right size syringe

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7
Q

How to determine right patient?

A

Verify patient’s name, wristband, birthdate

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8
Q

How to determine right time?

A

Physician or practitioner determines time

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9
Q

What are the right routes?

A

Oral
Topical
Parenteral

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10
Q

What is most common drug route?

A

Oral

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11
Q

How to administer oral drugs?

A

Make sure patient is conscious and head is elevated

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12
Q

How to administer sublingual drugs?

A

Under tongue and allowed to dissolve

Never should be swallowed

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13
Q

What is a common sublingual drug?

A

Nitroglycerin

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14
Q

How to adminster topical drug?

A

Directly on skin
Unit dose device, such as transdermal patch - precise dose released over specified time

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15
Q

How to adminster parenteral drug?

A

Injection or route other than digestive tract

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16
Q

What happens if drug is injected incorrectly?

A

Can cause nerve damage or introduce microorganisms into system

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17
Q

How can injections be administered and what are the absorption rates?

A

Intramuscular - rapid onset
Subcutaneous - slow constant absorption
Intravenous - immediate onset

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18
Q

How are parenteral injection supplies administered?

A

In an ampule/vial
IV bag or larger bottle drugs

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19
Q

What is an Ampule?

A

Sealed glass container; holds a single dose

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20
Q

How to use Ampule?

A

Hold upright
Flick the top with fingers for contents to go to the bottom
Gauze around top
Break around score
Do not contaminate needle when going into ampule

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21
Q

What is a vial?

A

Small glass or plastic bottle with sealed rubber top

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22
Q

How to use a vial?

A

Must pull back plunger to get air in syringe, then put in vial
Vial held in nondominate hand
Syringe in dominant hand
Vial held upside down
Alochol swipe vial before putting needle in
Flip off tab, don’t peel back

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23
Q

What is a luer-lok syringe?

A

Holds tip and needle in place

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24
Q

What are the 3 parts to a syringe?

A

Tip - where needle attaches
Barrel - calibration scales
Plunger - inside part that fits into the barrel

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25
What are tuberculin and insulin syringes?
Used for precise measurement of small amount of drug
26
What exam are tuberculin and insulin syringes used for?
To inject glucagon in barium enemas
27
What are the 3 parts of the needle?
Hub Cannula Bevel
28
What does guage refer to?
Diameter of the needle
29
Relationship between guage size and diameter?
The larger the guage size, the smaller the diameter
30
What is 18 guage needle used for?
Draw up drugs
31
What are smaller guage needles used for?
Inject
32
What is the length range of needles?
.25 to .5 inches
33
What are shorter needles used for?
Subcutaneous injections
34
What are longer needles used for?
Intramuscular injections
35
What is a bevel?
Angled surface at the tip of the needle
36
What is a long bevel used for?
Subcutaneous
37
What is a short bevel used for?
Intravenous
38
What are angiocath needles?
Leave the catheter behind so drugs are administered into the catheter
39
Why are angiocaths safer?
When you pull needle out, the needle is drawn into a protective sheath
40
What is a butterfly needle?
Used for small veins - larger guage size, thinner needle
41
Other parenteral supplies needed:
Tourniquet Alcohol swipe Betadine Cotton balls Gauze Latex free gloves Hypo allergenic tape Arm board
42
What should be done to contrast media before injection?
Warmed
43
What is viscosity?
The ability or inability of a fluid solution to flow easily - high viscosity means it flows slowly
44
Method for subcutaneous injection
25 guage 45 degree angle Common sites - anterior thigh, upper back, outer surface of upper arm and lower abdomen
45
Method for intramuscular injection
90 degree angle 1-3 inches in the body 19-25 gauge Common sites - deltoid muscle, vastis lateralis in lateral thigh, gluteus maximus
46
Intravenous injection methods
1. Single administration - drug injected slowly 2. Drug administered by IV bolus or push 3. Infusion
47
What IV bolus?
Fluids injected through IV
48
What is IV push?
Rapid injection
49
What is a drip infusion?
Delivery of a certain amount of medication over a period of time
50
What should you do if drip stops during an infusion?
Check site for infiltration - if severe swelling and inflammation -stop infusion and apply warm cloth
51
What should you document when adminstering a drug?
Name of drug Dosage Route of adminstration and where on the body Time administered Expiration date Lot #
52
Common IV sites
Basilic vein - medial side of anterior surface of forearm or elbow Cephalic vein - upper outer arm Posterior surface of hand
53
What is extravasation (infiltration)?
The escape of a drug out of the blood into the surrounding tissue
54
What to do in an extravasation incident?
Remove the needle Apply pressure Hold warm compress to sit
55
Most common contrast used for MRI?
Gadolinium based contrast - Gadolinium Oxysulfide
56
Characteristics of Gadolinium contrast
Shorten relaxtion times of atoms within body tissues Can be administered orally or IV Magnevist, omniscan, Optimark Contradicted in patients with kidney disease
57
ac
Before meals
58
bid
Twice a day
59
et
And
60
g
gram
61
gtt
drops
62
h
hour
63
hs
at bedtime
64
Hypo
hypodermically
65
IV
intravenous
66
IM
intramuscular
67
mg
miligram
68
mL
mililiter
69
mm
milimeter
70
od
in right eye
71
os
in left eye
72
pc
after meals
73
po
by mouth
74
prn
as needed
75
qh
every hour
76
q2h
every 2 hours
77
q3h
every 3 hours
78
qid
4 times a day
79
sc
subcutaneous
80
Stat
immediately
81
tid
three times a day

Intro to Radiography (15 decks)

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