Chapter 23

Question 1

T/F venous and arterial resistance are not similiar

Answer 1

false

they are similar

Question 2

T/F arteries and veins carry the same amount of blood

Answer 2

true

by the collapsible nature of the venous walls

Question 3

what kind of shape of the venous system offers more flow resistance than circular shape

Answer 3

flattened shape

Question 4

what is transmural pressure?

Answer 4

pressure within the vein versus pressure outside the vein

shapes of vein determined by this

Question 5

T/F cross sectional area of the vein is about 3-4 times that of the corresponding artery

Answer 5

true

Question 6

what will low transmural pressure have?

Answer 6

low volume of blood results in dumbbell shape
high resistance
collapsed

Question 7

what will high transmural pressure have?

Answer 7

high volume results in circular shape
low resistance
expand

Question 8

in order to expand or distend the vein from normal dumbbell shape to a circular one small or large pressure changes required?

Answer 8

small

Question 9

once completely distended, small or large pressure ranges are required to accommdate further increases in volume

Answer 9

large

Question 10

what is HP?

Answer 10

equivalent to the weight of a column of blood pressing against the vessels of the body, uses the heart as a reference point

Question 11

what is the HP at the heart?

Answer 11

0

Question 12

what is the formula for HP?

Answer 12

HP= pgh
p=specific gravity of blood
g= acceleration due to gravity
h=distance from the heart

Question 13

when standing HP below the heart is?

Answer 13

higher

add pressure

Question 14

body parts above the heart are?

Answer 14

negative

subtract pressure

Question 15

what are factors that affect venous flow?

Answer 15

muscle pump

repiration

Question 16

T/F veins are not reservoirs for blood collection

Answer 16

false

Question 17

does the muscle contract or distend when blood is pushed toward the heart

Answer 17

contracts

Question 18

what will an effective calf muscle pump have?

Answer 18

blood moves from superficial to deep
competent vales prevent reflux
venous volume and pressure decreases
venous return to the heart increases

Question 19

what will an ineffective calf muscle pump have?

Answer 19

incompetent valves causes reflux
venous volume and pressure increases
results in venous pooling and ambulatory venous HTN

Question 20

what happens during inspiration?

Answer 20

decrease in intra-thoracic pressure
increase in blood flow from upper extrem
increase in intra abdominal pressure
decrease blood flow from lower extremities

Question 21

what happens during exhalation?

Answer 21

increase in intra-thoracic pressure
decreases blood flow in upper extrem
decrease in intra abdominal pressure
increases blood flow from lower

Question 22

what is valsalva maneuver?

Answer 22

patient take in deep breath and holds it, then bears down as if having a bowel movement

Question 23

what happens with valsalva?

Answer 23

intrathoraic and intraabdominal pressure increases significantly
all venous return halted

Question 24

what can a valsalva maneuver compare too?

Answer 24

proximal compress of the lower extremities