Chapter 23 (Digestive System)

Question 1

Functions to nourish the body; includes pharynx, esophagus, stomach, large and small intestines

Answer 1

Alimentary canal (GI tract)

Question 2

Organs that aid in the breakdown of food

Answer 2

Accessory organs

Question 3

What are the 4 layers of the alimentary canal?

Answer 3

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

Question 4

Layer of the alimentary canal that is known as the mucous layer; contains epithelium, the lamina propria, and muscularis mucosa

Answer 4

Mucosa

Question 5

Layer of the alimentary canal that connects the overlying mucosa to the underlying muscularis. It includes blood and lymphatic vessels (which transport absorbed nutrients), and a scattering of submucosal glands that release digestive secretions

Answer 5

Submucosa

Question 6

Layer of the alimentary canal that promote mechanical digestion, expose more of the food to digestive chemicals, and move the food along the canal

Answer 6

Muscularis

Question 7

Layer of the alimentary canal present in the the abdominal cavity; serve to hold the alimentary canal in place near the ventral surface of the vertebral column

Answer 7

Serosa

Question 8

Explain how the peritoneum anchors the digestive organs to the body’s coelom.

Answer 8

Includes multiple folds that envelope various abdominal organs

Question 9

System that Blood supplies digestive organs with oxygen and processed nutrients

Answer 9

Cardiovascular

Question 10

System that has hormones to help regulate secretion in digestive glands and accessory organs

Answer 10

Endocrine

Question 11

Skin helps protect digestive organs and synthesizes vitamin D for calcium absorption

Answer 11

Integumentary

Question 12

System that has mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and other lymphatic tissue defend against entry of pathogens; lacteals absorb lipids; and lymphatic vessels transport lipids to bloodstream

Answer 12

Lymphatic

Question 13

Skeletal muscles support and protect abdominal organs

Answer 13

Muscular

Question 14

Sensory and motor neurons help regulate secretions and muscle contractions in the digestive tract

Answer 14

Nervous

Question 15

provide oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

Answer 15

Respiratory

Question 16

Bones help protect and support digestive organs

Answer 16

Skeletal

Question 17

Kidneys convert vitamin D into its active form, allowing calcium absorption in the small intestine

Answer 17

Urinary

Question 18

Apron-like structure that lies superficial to the small intestine and transverse colon; a site of fat deposition in people who are overweight

Answer 18

Greater omentum

Question 19

Anchors the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and inferior border of the diaphragm

Answer 19

Falciform ligament

Question 20

Suspends the stomach from the inferior border of the liver; provides a pathway for structures connecting to the liver

Answer 20

Lesser omentum

Question 21

Vertical band of tissue anterior to the lumbar vertebrae and anchoring all of the small intestine except the initial portion (the duodenum)

Answer 21

Mesentary

Question 22

Attaches two portions of the large intestine (the transverse and sigmoid colon) to the posterior abdominal wall

Answer 22

Mesocolon

Question 23

Why is peritonitis lethal?

Answer 23

It can affect peristalsis of nutrients. Body may not be able to absorb nutrients needed to survive

Question 24

taking food into the GI tract through the mouth

Answer 24

Ingestion

Question 25

voluntary process of swallowing and the involuntary process of peristalsis that moves food through the digestive tract

Answer 25

Propulsion

Question 26

chewing, mixing, and segmentation that prepares food for chemical digestion

Answer 26

Mechanical digestion

Question 27

enzymatic breakdown of food

Answer 27

Chemical digestion

Question 28

passage of digested products from the intestinal lumen through mucosal cells and into the bloodstream or lacteals

Answer 28

Absorption

Question 29

elimination of undigested substances from the body in the form of feces

Answer 29

Defecation

Question 30

Process of chewing

Answer 30

Mastication

Question 31

muscular contractions and relaxations that propel food through the GI tract

Answer 31

Peristalsis

Question 32

alternating contractions and relaxations of non-adjacent segments of the intestine that move food forward and backward, breaking it apart and mixing it with digestive juices

Answer 32

Segmentation

Question 33

Organ that ingests food, mixes food, beginning of chemical breakdown of carbohydrate and lipids

Answer 33

Mouth

Question 34

Organ that mixes and churns food with gastric juices, beginning of breakdown of proteins, absorbs some fat soluble molecules

Answer 34

Stomach

Question 35

Organ that propels food at a slow rate for absorption, absorbs breakdown products, physical digestion

Answer 35

Small intestine

Question 36

Organ that absorbs most residual water, electrolytes and bacteria, breaks down food residues, makes feces

Answer 36

Large intestine