chapter 27.1 and 27.2

Question 1

is the process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on earth’s surface

Answer 1

weathering

Question 2

a mixture of weathered rock organic matter water

Answer 2

soil

Question 3

is the removal of surface material through the process of weathering

Answer 3

Erosion

Question 4

As rocks weather erosional agents like water ice wind and gravity move eroded materials from one place to another is called what?

Answer 4

sediment transport

Question 5

when the erosional agent slow down it drops this sediment load in a process called what?

Answer 5

deposition

Question 6

the land area that gathers water for a major river is called a river-

Answer 6

drainage basin

Question 7

the movement of water parallel to the shoreline is called what?

Answer 7

longshore current

Question 8

What is weathering?

Answer 8

the process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on earth’s surface

Question 9

Do rocks weather at the same rate?

Answer 9

they do not

Question 10

what are the two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather?

Answer 10

depends on
rock types
landscape

Question 11

what are the two types of weathering?

Answer 11

mechanical

chemical

Question 12

what type of change happens with mechanical weathering?

Answer 12

physical change

Question 13

what type of change happens with chemical weathering?

Answer 13

chemical change

Question 14

what are the 3 specific type of mechanical weathering?

Answer 14

frost wedging
biological activity
collision

Question 15

what cause frost wedging?

Answer 15

occurs when water get collected in cracks of rocks then it freezes

Question 16

what is the cycle called during frost wedging?

Answer 16

Freeze Thaw cycles

Question 17

what cause biological activity?

Answer 17

plants and animal

Question 18

what cause weathering during collision?

Answer 18

when rocks fall from a cliff or tumble through turbulent rivers

Question 19

what are the 2 types of chemical weathering caused by?

Answer 19

oxygen

water

Question 20

what is the chemical process called that is caused by oxygen?

Answer 20

oxidation

Question 21

What is the chemical process called that is caused by water?

Answer 21

hydrolysis

Question 22

what is soil?

Answer 22

a mixture of weathering rock organic matter water and air thta ia capable of supporting life

Question 23

what is parent material?

Answer 23

the material from which soil forms are

Question 24

what are soil horizons?

Answer 24

different layers of soil

Question 25

how many soil horizons are there?

Answer 25

6

Question 26

true or false. All soils contain every soil horizon.

Answer 26

false

Question 27

what are the specific soil horizons?

Answer 27

OAEBCR

Question 28

what does the first soil horizon contain?

Answer 28

organic material

Question 29

what is the second horizon mostly made up of ?

Answer 29

mostly minerals

Question 30

which layer does leaching occur?

Answer 30

E

Question 31

which horizon collects materials from previous horizons?

Answer 31

B

Question 32

which layer is partially weathered bedrock?

Answer 32

C

Question 33

which layer is unweathered bedrock?

Answer 33

R

Question 34

which soil horizons makes up the topsoil?

Answer 34

O and A

Question 35

which soil horizons make up the subsoil?

Answer 35

E and B

Question 36

which soil horizons make up the true soil?

Answer 36

O A E B

Question 37

what is the difference between weathering and erosion ?

Answer 37

weathering is the breakdown of material | erosion is the removal of surface material

Question 38

when the slope of a river decrease what happens to the river speed ?

Answer 38

it also decreases

Question 39

what are small streams called that flow into large rivers?

Answer 39

trinutaries

Question 40

What is the land area called that gathers water for a major river

Answer 40

drainage basin

Question 41

what is the boundary that separates drainage basin?

Answer 41

drainage divide

Question 42

as water flows downhill under the influence of gravity, water erodes earth's surface creating ______

Answer 42

channels

Question 43

what shape do young rivers carve out of the surface due to fast movement?

Answer 43

V-shapes

Question 44

what types of rivers are wide with smooth and gentle slopes

Answer 44

Mature rivers

Question 45

when river flood and drop their sediment load what is created?

Answer 45

Flood plains

Question 46

what is a fan-shape deposit that forms on the mouth of a river?

Answer 46

Deltas

Question 47

what are distributaries ?

Answer 47

branching channels

Question 48

what is formed where the mouth of a river or stream enters dry land?

Answer 48

Alluvial fans-

Question 49

what are the two types of glaciers?

Answer 49

valley glaciers | continental glaciers

Question 50

where do valley glaciers form?

Answer 50

high mountainous regions

Question 51

where do continental glaciers form?

Answer 51

colder climate and occupy large land areas

Question 52

where are the two continental glaciers located?

Answer 52

Greenland and Antarctica

Question 53

what is a cirque?

Answer 53

bowl shaped basins

Question 54

what is an arete?

Answer 54

form where 2 adjacent valley glaciers meet and erode a long sharp ridgeline

Question 55

what is a horn in a mountainous region?

Answer 55

sharpened peaks

Question 56

what shape of valley do valley glaciers form?

Answer 56

u-shaped valleys

Question 57

what are tributary glaciers?

Answer 57

small glaciers that feed into the large glaciers

Question 58

what type of valleys do tributary glaciers form?

Answer 58

hanging valleys

Question 59

on which side of the dune does erosion occur?

Answer 59

windward side

Question 60

on which side does deposition occur?

Answer 60

leeward side

Question 61

what is deflation?

Answer 61

The removal of small particles by wind leaving heavier particles behind

Question 62

when small particles are removed the remaining surface is called?

Answer 62

desert pavement

Question 63

do to wind what does the shape and sizes depends on what?

Answer 63

wind speed amount of time the wind blows sediment supply

Question 64

what are 3 landforms created by wave erosion

Answer 64

coastal cliffs sea stacks sea arches

Question 65

what are 2 landforms created by wave depositon?

Answer 65

sand bar | sand spits

Question 66

what are sand bars

Answer 66

landfroms that are parallel to the shoreline

Question 67

what are sand spits

Answer 67

sandbars that extend into the water

Question 68

what are some things that can trigger mass wasting

Answer 68

snow heavy rains earthquakes human activity

Question 69

mass wasting examples

Answer 69

rock slides mudflows landslides