Chapter 28 - Bleeding and Soft Tissue Trauma Flashcards Preview

EMT - Basic - Prehostpital Emergency Care 10th Edition > Chapter 28 - Bleeding and Soft Tissue Trauma > Flashcards

Flashcards in Chapter 28 - Bleeding and Soft Tissue Trauma Deck (27)
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1
Q

the severity of blood loss in dependent on several variables:

1

2

3

4

5

A

amount of blood loss

rate of blood loss

other injuries or existing conditions

pt existing medical problems

pt age

2
Q

classes of hemmorhage:

class I

amount of blood loss

HR

vasoconstriction

ventilatory rate

systolic bp

pulse pressure

skin

A

BL

3
Q

classes of hemmorhage:

class II

amount of blood loss

HR

vasoconstriction

ventilatory rate

systolic bp

pulse pressure

skin

A

BL 15-30%

HR up up

VC up up

vent rate up

sBP norm

pp narrow

skin pale, cool, and clammy

4
Q

classes of hemmorhage:

class III

amount of blood loss

HR

vasoconstriction

ventilatory rate

systolic bp

pulse pressure

skin

A

BL 30-40%

HR up up up

VC up up up

vent rate up up

sBP down

pp narrow

skin severely pale and cool

5
Q

classes of hemmorhage:

class IV

amount of blood loss

HR

vasoconstriction

ventilatory rate

systolic bp

pulse pressure

skin

A

BL >40%

HR up up up up or down

VC up up up up or down down

vent rate up up up

sBP down down down

pp very narrow or wide

skin severely pale, cold, mottled

6
Q

bleeding type - bright red, spurting blood from a wound that usually indicated a severed or damaged artery

A

arterial bleeding

7
Q

bleeding type - dark red blood that flows steadily from a wound that usually indicates a severed or damaged vein

A

venous bleeding

8
Q

bleeding type - slowly oozing blood that is dark or intermediate color of red that usually indicates damaged capillaries

A

capillary bleeding

9
Q

two types of homeostatic agents:

A

dressing or powder

10
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nosebleed

11
Q

The two most common sources of internal bleeding are ________ or ______.

A

Injured or damaged internal organs and fractured extremities, especially femur and pelvis

12
Q

Factors that may interfere with the clotting process and lead to an increase in the rate of bleeding or the amount of blood lost:

A

Movement

Low body temp

Medications

Intravenous fluids

Removal of dressings and bandages

13
Q

a wound in which there is no break in the continuity of the skin is called a _______.

A

closed injury

14
Q

an injury to the tissue and blood vessels contained within the dermis; or bruise.

A

contusion

15
Q

black and blue discoloration associated with a contusion that occurs when the red blood cells in the blood that has leaked out of the capillary or vessel become deoxygenated

A

ecchymosis

16
Q

a closed injury to the soft tissues characterized by swelling and discoloration caused by a mass of blood beneath the epidermis.

A

hematoma

17
Q

an open or closed injury in which high-pressure forces cause serious damage to underlying soft tissues with internal bleeding, resulting in possible hemorrhagic shock

A

crush injury

18
Q

an injury in which the continuity of the skin is broken.

A

open injury

19
Q

6 general types of open injuries:

A

abrasions, lacerations, avulsions, amputations, penetrations/punctures, and crash injuries.

20
Q

an open injury to the outermost layer of the skin caused by a scraping away, rubbing, or shearing away of the tissue.

A

abrasion

21
Q

an open injury characterized by a loose flap of skin and soft tissue that has been torn loose or pulled completely off.

A

avulsion

22
Q

an open injury caused by the ripping or tearing away of a limb, body part, or organ.

A

amputation

23
Q

an open injury usually caused by forceful impact with a sharp object and characterized by a wound whose edges may be linear (smooth and regular) or stellate (jagged and irregular) in appearance; a wound that penetrates the brain

A

laceration

24
Q

an open injury caused by a sharp, pointed object being pushed into the soft tissues

A

penetration/punctures

25
Q

an injury in which a part of the body is caught or strangled by some piece of machinery

A

clamping injury

26
Q

an air- and water-tight trauma dressing used in first aid. These dressings are generally made with a waxy coating so as to provide a total seal, and as a result do not have the absorbent properties of gauze pads.

A

occlusive dressing

27
Q

a protrusion of organs from a wound

A

evisceration

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