Chapter 3

Question 1

What is Compounding?

Answer 1

The traditional method of preparing customized medications to help meet unique physician and patient needs.

Question 2

Compounding pharmacists focus on providing what ?

Answer 2

Innovative ( مبتكرة) patient care. This may involve compounding an eye drop in a sterile compounding lab, preparing medications for veterinarians, or providing natural hormone replacement therapy.

Question 3

The preparation steps are?

Answer 3

1. Mixing
2. Assembling
3. Packaging, or labeling of a drug or device

Question 4

what are the fundamental operations in compounding?

Answer 4

Weights and measures
Size reduction
Size separation
Filtration
Choosing the container
Filling the product
Label preparation
Rechecking of the product

Question 5

1. The closeness of the displayed weight (as measured by the balance, to the true
   weight, as known by the use of a calibration weight or weights)?

Answer 5

Accuracy

Question 6

It is the relative degree of repeatability i.e. how closely the values within a series of replicate measurements agree.

Answer 6

Precision

Question 7

Capacity means.?
Sensitivity means?

Answer 7

Capacity: The maximum weight (including containers and tars) that can be placed on a balance pan.

Sensitivity: The smallest weight that gives a perceptible change in the indicating element

Question 8

An instrument for determining the relative weights of substance

Answer 8

Weighing apparatus

Question 9

An instrument for determining the relative weights of substance.

Answer 9

Weighing apparatus

Question 10

Weighing types?

Answer 10

Manual Weighing Balance: The local weighing apparatus is used. It is less sensitive. It consists of two pans. In one pan the weight is placed and in the other pan the drug is weighed in comparison to the weight. The drug is placed with the help of forceps. The measured weight is placed at right side of the weighing apparatus.

Digital Weighing Apparatus: modern way. It consists of a digital apparatus. First the watch glass is placed, and the weight of watch glass is turned auto-zero then the drug is placed onto it with forceps and weighed accurately.

Question 11

The most common methods of size reduction used are. ?

Answer 11

1. Trituration
2. Levigation

Question 12

The commonly used equipment for size reduction?

Answer 12

1. Mortal and pestle
2. Spatula and tile
3. small grinder

Question 13

Grinding means?

Answer 13

a process in which substances are reduced into coarse particles or fine powders

Question 14

the process of grinding an insoluble substance to a fine powder, while wet

Answer 14

Levigation

Question 15

Difference between trituration and levigation.

Answer 15

Levigation is wet grinding while trituration is dry grinding.

Question 16

Desired properties of Container?

Answer 16

1. The containers must be rigid enough to prevent damage to contents. For example, crushing of capsule, fracture of tablet.
2. The material of the container must be inert i.e. it should not react with the contents present in it.
3. It must be easy to label the container.
4. It must be pharmaceutically elegant in appearance.

Question 17

TYPES OF CONTAINERS?

Answer 17

Depending upon the usage the containers are categorized into 7 types:
Well Closed
Air Tight Containers
Hermetically-Sealed Containers:
Light-resistant Containers:
Single dose Containers:
Multi dose Containers:
Aerosol Containers: