Chapter 3 Flashcards
What is the term “ethnic identity”?
A set of institutions that binds people together through a common culture
What is the term “ascription”?
The assigning of a particular quality at birth
What is a “nation-state”?
A sovereign state encompassing one dominant nation that claims to embody and represent
What is “ethnic conflict”?
Conflict between ethnic groups that struggle to achieve political or economic goals at each other’s expense
What is “national conflict”?
A conflict in which one or more groups within a country develop clear aspirations for political independence, clashing with others as a result
What is the term “political attitudes”?
Views regarding the necessary pace and scope of change in the balance between freedom and equality
What are “political ideologies”?
Sets of political views held by individuals regarding the fundamental goals of politics
What is the term “liberalism”?
A political attitude that favors evolutionary transformation; an ideology and political system that favors a limited state role in society and economy and places a high priority on individual political and economic freedom
What is the term “communism”?
A political-economic system in which all wealth and property are shared so as to eliminate exploitation, oppression, and ultimately, the need for political institutions such as the state; a political ideology that advocated such a system
What is the term “liberal democracy”?
A political system that promotes participation, competition, and liberty and emphasizes individual freedom and rights
What is the term “social democracy”?
A political-economic system in which freedom and equality balanced through the state’s management of the economy and the provision of social expenditures; a political ideology that advocates such a system
What is the term “socialism”?
A political-economic system in which freedom and equality are balanced through the state’s management of the economy and social expenditures; a political ideology that advocates such a system
What is the term “fascism”?
A political ideology that asserts the superiority and inferiority of different groups of people and stresses a low degree of both freedom and equality in order to achieve a powerful state
What is the term “anarchism”?
A political ideology that stresses the elimination of the state and private property as a way to achieve both freedom and equality for all
What is the term “fundamentalism”?
An ideology that seeks to unite religion with the state or make it the sovereign authority
