chapter 3

Question 1

digestion

Answer 1

breaking food down to units that can be absorbed (take apart)

Question 2

absorption

Answer 2

pulls nutrients out of the GI tract to be out in cells (pull in)

Question 3

mechanical digestion

Answer 3

physically breaking food down into smaller pieces

Question 4

examples of mechanical digestion

Answer 4

chewing, peristalsis, segmentation

Question 5

chemical digestion

Answer 5

breaking down chemical bonds

Question 6

examples of chemical digestion

Answer 6

amylase (break down starch into glucose) proteases (break down protein to amino acids

Question 7

pH

Answer 7

pH of mouth is neutral
pH of esophogaus is neutral
pH of stomach is acidic
pH of intestine is neutral

Question 8

mechanical digestion in the mouth

Answer 8

chewing, mixing with saliva, swalloing

Question 9

mechanical digestion in the esophagus

Answer 9

peristalsis to get food to the stomach, relaxes to let food in, closes to prevent the back-flow of acidic stomach contents.

Question 10

mechanical digestion in the stomach

Answer 10

segmentation (creates smaller particles); mixes food with digestive enzymes (creates chyme)

Question 11

mechanical digestion in the intestine

Answer 11

absoption of nutrients, peristalsis, segmentation

Question 12

chemical digestion in the mouth

Answer 12

carbohydrates (amylase)

Question 13

chemical digestion in the stomach

Answer 13

pepsin (breaks down protein)

Question 14

chemical digestion in the small intestine

Answer 14

proteases and pancreatic amylase

Question 15

where does most digestion occur?

Answer 15

in the small intestine

Question 16

peristalsis

Answer 16

wave like contractions that move food through the digestive system

Question 17

segmentation

Answer 17

squeezing motion the mixes intestines contents

Question 18

enzyme

Answer 18

a catalyst for chemical reactions

Question 19

digestive enzyme

Answer 19

tools that break down our food into units that we are able to absorb

Question 20

chyme

Answer 20

partly digested food mixes with digestive enzymes

Question 21

what makes the stomach contents strongly acidic

Answer 21

HCL (hydrochloric acid)

Question 22

what two things does HCL do to help protein digestion in the stomach

Answer 22

denatures protein, activates pepsin

Question 23

what protects the stomach lining from the acid?

Answer 23

mucus

Question 24

where is bile made?

Answer 24

liver

Question 25

where is bile stores until needed?

Answer 25

the gall bladder

Question 26

where is bile used?

Answer 26

the intestine

Question 27

what does bile do in the intestine?

Answer 27

emulsifies fat

Question 28

what does emulsifies fat mean?

Answer 28

mix fat with water, breaks it down into smaller pieces

Question 29

where are all nutrients absorbed from?

Answer 29

small intestines

Question 30

are carbs absorbed to the blood or lymph?

Answer 30

blood

Question 31

is protein absorbed to the blood or lymph?

Answer 31

blood

Question 32

is fat absorbed to the blood or lmyph?

Answer 32

lymph

Question 33

what changes the pH of the small intenstine?

Answer 33

bicarbonate ions

Question 34

where are bicarbonate ions produced?

Answer 34

the pancreas

Question 35

where does fat digestion begin?
with what enzyme?
where is that enzyme made?

Answer 35

the small intestine,
with lipase
made in the pancreas

Question 36

where does carb digestion begin?
with what enzyme?
where is that enzyme made?
where is digestion continued?
with what enzyme?
where is that enzyme made?

Answer 36

mouth
salivary amylase
mouth/salivary glands
small intestine
pancreatic amylase
pancreas

Question 37

where does protein digestion begin?
with what enzyme?
where is that enzyme made?
where is digestion continued?
with what enzyme?
where is that enzyme made?

Answer 37

stomach
pepsin
stomach
small intestine
proteases
pancreas