Chapter 3

Question 1

What is meant by “systems integration” and why it is important

Answer 1

the process of bringing together the component sub-systems into one system. Its important because it is all the systems that make up the body.

Question 2

What is the nervous systems primary function+component

Answer 2

control system of the body, primary component is neuron, responds to acute challenges of the body

Question 3

What 2 parts make of the nervous system?

Answer 3

Centeral + Peripheral

Question 4

What is the Centeral (nervous system) made up of?

Answer 4

Brain + Spinal Chord

Question 5

What is the Peripheral (nervous system) made up of?

Answer 5

Motor+Autonomic

Question 6

Afferent Neurons

Answer 6

nerves that carry electric impulses toward the brain and spinal cord (sensory neurons)

Question 7

Efferent neurons

Answer 7

nerves that carry electric impulses away from the brain and spinal cord (motor neurons)

Question 8

Somatic

Answer 8

part of the nervous system that controls voluntary action

Question 9

Autonomic

Answer 9

part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary action

Question 10

Sympathetic

Answer 10

part of the autonomic nervous system that tends to act in opposition to the parasympathetic nervous system, especially under conditions of stress (“fight or flight”)

Question 11

Parasympathetic

Answer 11

part of the autonomic nervous system that tends to act in opposition to the sympathetic nervous system (“rest and digest”)

Question 12

Stroke Volume

Answer 12

the volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle of the heart during each systolic cardiac contraction.

Question 13

Cardiac Output

Answer 13

the quantity of blood pumped by the heart in a given period of time, typically measured in liters per minute.

Question 14

What is the Muscular system primary function+component

Answer 14

Provide movement, primary component is muscle fiber

Question 15

Types of muscle in Muscular system

Answer 15

Skeletal,Cardiac, Smooth

Question 16

DOMS (delayed-onsent muscle soreness)

Answer 16

Believed to result from tissue injury caused by excessive mechanical
force exerted upon the muscle fibers and connective tissue, occurs most after HIIT workouts, leads to swelling and then the individual feels pain

Question 17

Hypertrophy

Answer 17

Increases in the size of the individual muscle fiber, humans experiences

Question 18

Hyperplasia

Answer 18

Increases in the number of individual muscle fibers, humans don’t typically experience

Question 19

What are the skeletal system primary functions+components?

Answer 19

Structural framework of body,protects organs, tissues, provides and lever system for movement, serves as a storage area for minerals. Primary component- minerals and cells that consititute bone marrow.

Question 20

What disease can happen from weak bones in skeletal system?

Answer 20

Osteoporosis

Question 21

What is “blood doping” and how/why is it done?

Answer 21

If the number of red blood cells (adding them via iv) is increased in the body, O2 delivery to the tissues increases, and we usually see
improvements in cardiovascular fitness and endurance exercise
performance

Question 22

What are the primary functions and components of the Cardiovascular System?

Answer 22

Transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, electrolytes, drugs, removing waste from the body. Primary component – heart, blood vessels, and blood.

Question 23

What is a VO2 max?

Answer 23

the maximal amount of O2 consumed by the body during maximal effort exercise

Question 24

How does the cardiovascular system play a role in successful performance of sport/physical activity?

Answer 24

Delivery of O2 and nutrients to working muscles and the removal of
waste products are key during aerobic endurance events

Question 25

What are the primary functions and components of the Pulmonary system?

Answer 25

Moving air into and out of the lungs, Regulation of acid-base balance (by regulating CO2 in the blood), primary component is the lung.

Question 26

What does the pulmonary system do during exercise?

Answer 26

regulates blood pH levels and exhales cardon dioxide (CO2)

Question 27

What are the primary functions and components of the Urinary System?

Answer 27

Elimination of waste products, Regulation of fluid volume, electrolyte composition, and pH. Primary component is kidney

Question 28

What are the primary functions and components of the Digestive System?

Answer 28

Transfer of nutrients and water from the food we consume into the body. This includes Macronutrients, Micronutrients, Electrolytes. Primary Component is Gastrointestinal tract.

Question 29

What are the primary functions and components of the Endocrine System?

Answer 29

Regulation of physiologic function and systems of the body, it's the other primary control system of the body. Primary component – endocrine glands + hormones they secrete

Question 30

Homeostasis

Answer 30

the maintenance of relatively stable internal physiologic conditions

Question 31

What are the primary functions and components of the Immune System?

Answer 31

Regulating the susceptibility to, severity of, and recovery from infection, abnormal tissue growth, and illness. Primary components – physical, mechanical, chemical, blood, and cellular factors

Question 32

Overtraining Syndrome

Answer 32

a condition whereby too much training results in the maladaptations of body responses

Question 33

What are the primary functions and components of the Energy System

Answer 33

Provide energy during rest and exercise, Primary component – enzymes and energy sources within the cells

Question 34

What do cells do when they need energy?

Answer 34

they break down a chemical compound called adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and then they body resynthesizes it

Question 35

what does ATP+creatine phosphate do? (energy system)

Answer 35

provides energy during the initiation of movement and during high-intensity exercise. (High)

Question 36

What does glycolysis and glycogenolysis do? (energy system)

Answer 36

provides energy during moderately high-intensity exercise. (Middle)

Question 37

What does Oxidative Metabolism do? (energy system)

Answer 37

Provides energy during resting and low to moderately high intensity physical activity and exercise.