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Chemistry > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Anything that occupies space and has mass. Solid, liquid, and gas.

A

Matter

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2
Q

The smallest identifiable unit of an element; submicroscopic particles that are the fundamental building blocks of matter.

A

Atoms

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3
Q

Two or more atoms joined in a specific arrangement by chemical bonds. Smallest identifiable unit of a molecular compound.

A

Molecule

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4
Q

A state of matter in which molecules or atoms are packed close to each other in fixed locations.

A

Solid

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5
Q

A state of matter in which molecules or atoms are packed close to each other but are free to move around and by each other.

A

liquid

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6
Q

A state of matter in which atoms or molecules are widely separated and free to move relative to one another.

A

Gas

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7
Q

A type of solid matter with atoms or molecules arranged in a well-ordered, three dimensional array with long-range, repeating order (e.g.- salt and diamond)

A

crystalline

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8
Q

A type of solid matter in which atoms or molecules do not have long-range order (e.g.- glass or plastic)

A

amorphous

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9
Q

A substance composed of only one type of atom or molecule

A

pure substance

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10
Q

A substance composed of two or more types of molecules or atoms combined in variable proportions.

A

mixture

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11
Q

A substance that can’t be broken down into simpler substances.

A

element

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12
Q

A substance composed of two or more elements in fixed, definite proportions.

A

compound

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13
Q

Mater may be a _____ or a _____.

A

pure substance, mixture

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14
Q

A pure substance may be either a ____ or a ____.

A

element or a compound

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15
Q

A mixture may either be _____ or ____.

A

homogenous or heterogenous

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16
Q

The characteristics we use to distinguish one substance from another

A

properties

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17
Q

Properties that a substance displays without changing it’s composition.

A

physical properties

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18
Q

Properties that a substance can display only through changing its composition.

A

chemical properties

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19
Q

The process by which one or more substances transform into different substances via chemical change, often emitting or absorbing energy.

A

Chemical reaction

20
Q

The initial substances in a chemical reaction, represented on the left side of a chemical equation and present before the chemical change.

A

Reactants

21
Q

Substances present after the chemical change, represented on the right side of a chemical equation.

A

products

22
Q

Tending to vaporize more easily

A

volatile

23
Q

Three ways to separate mixture through physical changes

A

Decanting (pouring), distilling (through heat), filtration

24
Q

The capacity to do work (the result of a force acting on a distance)

A

energy

25
Q

A law stating that energy can be neither created or destroyed. The total amount of energy is constant and cannot change; it can only be transferred from one object to another or converted from one form to another.

A

Law of conservation of energy

26
Q

Energy associated with the motion of an object

A

Kinetic energy

27
Q

The energy of a body that is associated with its position or the arrangements of it’s parts.

A

potential energy

28
Q

The total energy of a sample of matter is the sum of it’s _____ and ____.

A

kinetic energy and potential energy

29
Q

Energy associated with the flow of electrical charge.

A

Electrical energy

30
Q

The energy associated with the random motions of atoms and molecules in matter.

A

Thermal energy

31
Q

Energy associated with the positions of the particles that compose the chemical system (or chemical changes)

A

Chemical energy

32
Q

Scientist who demonstrated that energy could be converted from one type to another as long as the total energy was conserved.

A

James Joule (1818-1889)

33
Q

SI Unit of energy

A

Joule (J)

34
Q

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one g of water by 1 degree Celsius.

A

calorie (cal)

35
Q

Systems with high potential energy tend to be ____.

A

unstable

36
Q

Describes a process that releases heat energy

A

Exothermic

37
Q

Describes a process that absorbs heat energy

A

Endothermic

38
Q

In an exothermic reaction the ____ have greater energy than the products, and energy is _____ as the reaction occurs.

A

reactants, released

39
Q

In an endothermic reaction the ____ greater energy than the products, and energy is _____ as the reaction occurs.

A

products, absorbed

40
Q

The quantity of heat energy required to change the temperature of a given amount of substance by 1 degree C.

A

heat capacity

41
Q

Measure of a substance’s thermal energy.

A

Temperature

42
Q

The transfer or exchange of thermal energy caused by a temperature difference.

A

Heat

43
Q

General statement that summarized past observations and predicts future ones.

A

Scientific Law

44
Q

Property that substance displays only through changing its composition.

A

chemical property

45
Q

State of matter that has atomic spacing that is close together and has an indefinite space

A

Liquid

46
Q

Sugar is classified as a _____ substance-______

A

Pure substance-compound

Chemistry (6 decks)

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