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MOD I > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

acute respiratory distress syndrome

A

acute

neutrophils

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2
Q

asthma

A

acute
eosinophils: IgE Abs
chronic
eosinophils: IgE Abs

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3
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

acute

abs and complement, neutrophils, monocytes

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4
Q

septic shock

A

acute

cytokines

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5
Q

arthritis

A

chronic

lymphocytes, macrophages, Abs

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6
Q

atherosclerosis

A

chronic

macrophages, lymphocytes

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7
Q

pulmonary fibrosis

A

chronic

macrophages, fibroblasts

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8
Q

acute inflammation

A

onset - minutes or hours
cellular infiltrate - mainly neutrophils
tissue injury, fibrosis - usually mild and self limited
local and systemic signs - prominent

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9
Q

chronic inflammation

A

onset - days
cellular infiltrate - monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes
tissue injury, fibrosis - often severe and progressive
local and systemic signs - less

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10
Q

L selectin (CD62L)

A

distribution -Neutrophils, monocytes T cells, B cells

ligand - expressed on endothelium

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11
Q

E selectin (CD62L)

A

distribution - Endothelium activated by cytokines (TNF, IL-1)
ligand - expressed on neutrophils, monocytes, T cells

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12
Q

P selectin (CD62P)

A

distribution - Endothelium activated by cytokines (TNF, IL-1), histamine, or thrombin
ligand - expressed on neutrophils, monocytes, T cells

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13
Q

LFA 1

A

distribution - Neutrophils, monocytes, T cells

ligand - ICAM 1 endothelium

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14
Q

MAC 1

A

distribution - Monocytes, DCs

ligand - ICAM 1 endothelium

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15
Q

VLA 4

A

distribution - monocytes T cells

ligand - VCAM 1 on endothelium

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16
Q

alpha 4 beta 7

A

distribution - Monocytes T cells

ligand - VCAM 1 on endothelium

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17
Q

CD 31

A

distribution - endothelial cells, leukocytes

ligand - CD 31

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18
Q

histamine

A

source - Mast cells, basophils, platelets

action - Vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, endothelial activation

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19
Q

prostaglandins

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A

source - Mast cells, leukocytes

action - Vasodilation, pain, fever

20
Q

leukotrienes

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A

source - Mast cells, leukocytes

action - Increased vascular permeability, chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion, and activation

21
Q

cytokines (TNF, IL-1, IL-6)

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A

source - Macrophages, endothelial cells, mast cells
action - Local: endothelial activation (expression of adhesion molecules). Systemic: fever, metabolic abnormalities, hypotension (shock)

22
Q

chemokines

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A

source - Leukocytes, activated macrophages

action - Chemotaxis, leukocyte activation

23
Q

platelet activating factor

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A

source - Leukocytes, mast cells

action - asodilation, increased vascular permeability, leukocyte adhesion, chemotaxis, degranulation, oxidative burst

24
Q

complement

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A

source - plasma (produced in liver)
action - Leukocyte chemotaxis and activation, direct target killing (membrane attack complex), vasodilation (mast cell stimulation)

25
kinins
source - plasma (produced in liver) | action - Increased vascular permeability, smooth muscle contraction, vasodilation, pain
26
vasodilation
prostaglandins PGE 1 and 2 PGI2 PGD2 | histamine
27
vasoconstriction
thromboxane A2, leukotriens C4 D4 E4
28
increased vascular permeability
leukotrienes C4 D4 E4 histamine and serotonin C3a and C5a
29
chemotaxis
leukotrienes B4 HETE TNF, IL-1 chemokines C3a and C5a
30
TNF
source - Macrophages, mast cells, T lymphocytes | action - Stimulates expression of endothelial adhesion molecules and secretion of other cytokines; systemic effects
31
IL-1
source - Macrophages, endothelial cells, some epithelial cells actions - Similar to TNF; greater role in fever
32
IL-6
source - Macrophages, other cells | actions - Systemic effects (acute phase response)
33
chemokines
source - Macrophages, endothelial cells, T lymphocytes, mast cells, other cell types actions - Recruitment of leukocytes to sites of inflammation; migration of cells in normal tissues
34
IL-17
source - T lymphocytes | actions - Recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes
35
IL-12
source - Dendritic cells, macrophages | actions - Increased production of IFN-gamma
36
IFN gamma
source - T lymphocytes, NK cells | actions - Activation of macrophages (increased ability to kill microbes and tumor cells)
37
IL-17
source - T lymphocytes | actions - Recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes
38
fever
IL-1 TNF | prostaglandins
39
pain
prostaglandins | bradykinin
40
tissue damage
lysosomal enzymes of leukocytes | ROS
41
tuberculosis
``` Mycobacterium tuberculosis Caseating granuloma (tubercle): focus of activated macrophages (epithelioid cells), rimmed by fibroblasts, lymphocytes, histiocytes, occasional Langhans giant cells; central necrosis with amorphous granular debris; acid-fast bacilli ```
42
leprosy
Mycobacterium leprae | Acid-fast bacilli in macrophages; noncaseating granulomas
43
syphilis
treponema pallidum Gumma: microscopic to grossly visible lesion, enclosing wall of histiocytes; plasma cell infiltrate; central cells are necrotic without loss of cellular outline
44
cat scratch disease
Gram-negative bacillus | Rounded or stellate granuloma containing central granular debris and recognizable neutrophils; giant cells uncommon
45
sarcoidosis
Noncaseating granulomas with abundant activated macrophages
46
crohn disease
Immune reaction against intestinal bacteria, possibly self antigens Occasional noncaseating granulomas in the wall of the intestine, with dense chronic inflammatory infiltrate

MOD I (4 decks)

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