Flashcards in Chapter 3 Deck (24):
1
deception
essential lubricant of social interaction
2
evolutionary perspective
survival technique learned through adaptation
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2006 charles bond study
lie detecting powers or more than 24,000 people.
people can do better than chance 54% in telling the truth from a lie
- in court is is harder to detect a lie
4
Spotting a liar
Police find themselves correct about 75% of the time
Overconfidence can out high pressure on the suspect and promote a false confession
5
Lairas sterotype
stereotypes are not always accurate
6
Polygraph derives from Poly and graph
Poly - many
Graph - write
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Who developed the polygraph
William M. Marston
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Polygraph protection act of 1988
prohibited most private employers from using polygraphs
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Polygraph process
Must be combined with systematic questions
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Relevant-irrelevant test (RIT)
questions split between non-arousing and arousing if the person committed the crime.
focuses on the differences in strength of physiological responses
high rates of false positives result
11
Founder of RIT Process
John A. Larson
12
Comparison question test (CQT)
Most frequently used
Lying shows physiological elevations compared to non lies
relies on examiners skills
broad questions
13
Positive comparison test (PCT)
asks the same question twice
person is told to tell the truth first and lie the second response
14
Weaknesses of polygraph
Inconsistency from test to test
some people know how to fool the test
15
Accuracy of polygraph
pretty accurate but need to take into account third party variables
polygraph alone is not accurate
23 states ban the use of evidence from one in the trial
NM allows it
encouraged to use it before trial to know whether to pursue a suspect or not
16
Guilt Knowledge Test (GKT)
Alternative to hypothesis
Detects facts through psysiological arousal only a guilty person should know
17
David Lyyken
Developed Guilty Knowledge Test (GKT)
18
fMRI Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
image taken of the brain based upon the action or the oxygen being used in every part of the brain
snapshot every 2 seconds
Expensive, Timely, not portable, and few studies and results.
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Part of brain that activates the most when lying
Prefrontal Cortex (Behind the forehead and parietal cortex (Near rear of brain
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EEG Electroencenphalogram
Reads neural impulses continuously
fMRI finds where the activity occurs but EEG knows when it occurs
100 dime sized electrodes on a net around the scalp
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What does EEG Measure
Brain waves that identifies deception
22
Lawrence Farwell
Brain fingerprinting
23
Mayo Clinic and Honeywell Laboratories
shifts in heat on the human face through high def infrared thermal imaging
increased blood flow near eyes when someone is being deceptive
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