Chapter 3

Question 1

what element has high bonding capability

Answer 1

carbon

Question 2

how many electrons does carbon share to form biological molecules

Answer 2

4

Question 3

the study of molecules with carbon

Answer 3

organic chemistry

Question 4

is carbon dioxide organic

Answer 4

carbon dioxide is NOT organic

Question 5

hydrogen and carbon ONLY

Answer 5

hydrocarbons

Question 6

same chemical formula. different shape

Answer 6

isomers

Question 7

important chemical groups in molecules

Answer 7

functional groups

Question 8

are functional groups hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

Answer 8

hydrophilic

Question 9

Are functional groups polar or non polar?

Answer 9

polar

Question 10

Carbohydrates are

Answer 10

sugars

Question 11

lipids are

Answer 11

fats

Question 12

proteins are

Answer 12

enzymes

Question 13

nucleic acids are

Answer 13

DNA/RNA

Question 14

large molecule made of smaller ones

Answer 14

polymer

Question 15

small, simple molecule that combine to form polymers

Answer 15

monomers

Question 16

how do monomers form polymers?

Answer 16

covalent bond

Question 17

steps of dehydration

Answer 17

1. removes water
2. forms a covalent bond
   (this is known as synthesis)

Question 18

steps of hydrolysis

Answer 18

1. Breaks a covalent bond
2. Adds water
   (decomposition)

Question 19

builds a polymer

Answer 19

dehydration

Question 20

breaks polymers into monomers

Answer 20

hydrolysis

Question 21

what do carbohydrates contain

Answer 21

carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen

Question 22

what are carbohydrates made up of?

Answer 22

monosaccharides

Question 23

what are 2 examples of monosaccharides?

Answer 23

glucose and fructose

Question 24

larger sugars, combination of monosaccharides

Answer 24

polysaccharides

Question 25

what are the 4 complex carbohydrates that contribute to life?

Answer 25

Starch, Glycogen, cellulose, chitin

Question 26

glucose storage in animals

Answer 26

glycogen

Question 27

holds structures of plants

Answer 27

cellulose

Question 28

can animals digest cellulose?

Answer 28

no it is INSOLUBLE fiber

Question 29

exoskeleton of arthropods

Answer 29

chitin

Question 30

smaller than other biological molecules

Answer 30

lipids

Question 31

no common structural element

Answer 31

lipids

Question 32

are lipids hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

Answer 32

hydrophobic

Question 33

what are the 4 classes of lipids?

Answer 33

1. Glycerides 2. Steroids 3. phospholipids 4. wax

Question 34

what kind of reactions are glycerides linked in?

Answer 34

dehydration

Question 35

most commonly ingested lipid by humans

Answer 35

triglycerides

Question 36

contains all single bonds

Answer 36

saturated fats

Question 37

solid at room temperature

Answer 37

saturated fats

Question 38

animal fats

Answer 38

saturated

Question 39

contain double bonds

Answer 39

unsaturated

Question 40

liquid at room temp

Answer 40

unsaturated fats

Question 41

plant fats

Answer 41

unsaturated

Question 42

adding hydrogens to naturally unsaturated fats making them saturated

Answer 42

hydrogenated oils

Question 43

contain 4 carbon rings with various side chains

Answer 43

steroids

Question 44

makes up cells and can cause cardiovascular problems

Answer 44

cholesterol

Question 45

types of steriods

Answer 45

cholesterol estrogen testosterone

Question 46

types of glycerides

Answer 46

saturated and unsaturated

Question 47

charged molecule with 2 fatty acids, glycerol and phosphate

Answer 47

phospholipids

Question 48

phospholipids have a _______ head and a ________ tail

Answer 48

hydrophilic head | hydrophobic tail

Question 49

make up plasma membrane of cells

Answer 49

phospholipids

Question 50

important sealing function in the living world

Answer 50

wax

Question 51

made up of chains of amino acids

Answer 51

protein

Question 52

can be hydrophilic or hydrophobic

Answer 52

proteins

Question 53

form between amino acids

Answer 53

peptide bonds

Question 54

chain of amino acids

Answer 54

polypeptide chain

Question 55

types of proteins

Answer 55

``` enzymes structural contractile defensive signaling receptor storage ```

Question 56

structure sequence: | amino acids code proteins

Answer 56

primary structure

Question 57

structure sequence: | hydrogen bonds between amino acids

Answer 57

secondary

Question 58

structure sequence groups realign hydrophobic with other hydrophobic

Answer 58

tertiary

Question 59

2 or more polypeptide chains come together forming a 3D shape (functioning protein)

Answer 59

quaternary

Question 60

degrades protein's shape

Answer 60

denaturation

Question 61

combination of lipids and proteins

Answer 61

lipoprotein

Question 62

what do lipoproteins do?

Answer 62

transport cholesterol in humans

Question 63

combination of proteins and carbs

Answer 63

glycoproteins

Question 64

signal-receiving receptors found on cell surfaces

Answer 64

glycoproteins

Question 65

made up of nucleotides

Answer 65

nucleic acids

Question 66

contain 1 phosphate group, a sugar group and a nitrogenous base

Answer 66

nucleotides

Question 67

examples of nucleotides

Answer 67

ATP, DNA, RNA

Question 68

instruction code for proteins

Answer 68

DNA

Question 69

holds genes

Answer 69

DNA

Question 70

"translator"

Answer 70

RNA

Question 71

coding DNA into RNA

Answer 71

transcription

Question 72

coding RNA into proteins

Answer 72

translation