chapter 3 Flashcards
(30 cards)
4 biological macromolecules
carbs
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids
monomers
small building block molecules - train car
polymers
long molecules consisting of many similar blocks - train
dehydration reaction
2 monomers band together through the loss of a water molecule
hydrolysis
breaking apart of polymers to monomers
carbohydrates
include sugars and polymers of sugar
mono - simple, single sugar
di - joins two monosaccharides - table sugar or sucrose
poly - many sugar building blocks
forms of poly
starch - storage poly saccharide of plants
glycogen - storage polysacchoride of animals
cellulose - tough wall of plant cells
glucose
C6H12O6
lipids
fats and oils, does not create polymers, hydrophobic
saturated fats
saturated with hydrogen
bad, solid at room temp
unsaturated fats
less hydrogen - one or more double bond
good, liquid at room temp
trans fats
double bonds
omega-3
required for normal growth
phospholipids
cell membrane
proteins
storage, support, transport, defense - 50% of dry mass of most cells
amino acids
protein
monomer of protein
monomer of polypeptide
primary structure
unique sequence - reading it
secondary structure
consists of coils and folds in chain
tertiary structure
interactions of side chains
quarternary structure
results when protein consists of multiple polypeptide chains
chaperones
helps shape protein properly
nucleic acids
DNA & RNA monomer of nucleic acid is nucleotides
nucleotide
monomer - sugar, phosphate & nitrogen base
polynucleotide
polymer
