Chapter 3 Feeds and Non-ruminant Nutrition in Thailand

Question 1

Livestock

Answer 1

Domesticated animals, for profit, for foods.

Question 2

Oral Cavity

Answer 2

First step of digestive process.

*cows don’t cut grass, due to.the lack of front upper teeth.

Question 3

Esophagus

Answer 3

Fungsi melumat makanan

Question 4

Stomach

Answer 4

Enzymes: pepsin, HCl,
Function: breaking down protein
Specific Condition: pH

Question 5

Small Intestine

Answer 5

For digestion and food absorbing process

Question 6

Large intestine

Answer 6

Fermentation and reabsorb

Question 7

Non-Ruminant Animals

Answer 7

• One Stomach

- Poultry and Swine

Question 8

Ruminant Animals

Answer 8

Many Stomach

Cattle, Sheep, Buffalo, Goat

Question 9

Feeds

Answer 9

• Organic
• Inorganic
• Moisture

Question 10

Organic Feeds

Answer 10

Protein
Fat
Lipid
Carbo

Question 11

Inorganic Feeds

Answer 11

Minerals

Question 12

Essential Protein

Answer 12

Protein that comes from our foods, can’t​ be produced by our body e.g. Lysine, Methionine, Threonine

Question 13

Non Essential Proteins

Answer 13

Protein that only can be produced by our body

Question 14

Fat

Answer 14

Made up of vegetables oil and animal fats

Question 15

Carbohydrates

Answer 15

consist of many types:

• sugar
• fiber
• starch

Question 16

Starch

Answer 16

Amylose to Amylopectin (produced in animal )

Question 17

Fiber

Answer 17

Cellulose to Hemicellulose (produced in plant)

Question 18

Main Source of Energy

Answer 18

Protein and amino

Carbohydrates Fat

Question 19

Gross Energy

Answer 19

total energy intakes

Question 20

Digestible Energy (DE)

Answer 20

energy processed (digested)

Question 21

Metabolizable Energy (ME)

Answer 21

running metabolism

Question 22

Minerals

Answer 22

C H N O structure

e.g. calcium, magnesium, zinc, iodine
phosphorus, sodium chlorine

Question 23

Phytate Phosphorus

Answer 23

no idea

Question 24

Vitamins

Answer 24

Fat soluble: ADEK

Water Soluble: BC

Question 25

Water

Answer 25

55-75% of body

Question 26

Protein percentage in melamine issue

Answer 26

To calculate by ( Nitrogen contain x 6.25)

Question 27

Feedstuffs

Answer 27

anything eaten or drunk for nutrition and pleasure can be made from animals and plants

Question 28

Roughage

Answer 28

Feed containing much indigestible materials acting as fiber (>18%)

Question 29

Concentrate

Answer 29

Feed containing material in low fiber (<18%), can be used as source of: 1. energy feed 2. protein feed

Question 30

Protein Feedstuffs

Answer 30

Produced from plant e.g soybean, leucena and from animals e.g fishmeal, fur

Question 31

Soybean Dilemma

Answer 31

Processing soybean as feedstuffs are quite complicated due to its potential to generate anti-nutritional factors e.g trypsin inhibitor, urease, phytic acid when it's in raw state. However, it turns to be less digestibility when it's overcooked. The best soybean meal will appear in light brownish color and has a nut-like taste

Question 32

Soybean Dilemma

Answer 32

Processing soybean as feedstuffs are quite complicated due to its potential to generate anti-nutritional factors e.g trypsin inhibitor, urease, phytic acid when it's in raw state. However, it turns to be less digestibility when it's overcooked. The best soybean meal will appear in light brownish color and has a nut-like taste

Question 33

Protein-Fish Meal

Answer 33

CP 50%-60% (protein level) | Come from all parts of fish by product or whole fish

Question 34

Protein-Dried Milk Products for Piglet

Answer 34

Skimmed Milk Whey Milk Replacer

Question 35

Carbo Corn

Answer 35

CP 6-8% and low fiber Yellow pigment​ is good for layer Aflatoxin contamination!

Question 36

Carbo Broken Rice

Answer 36

CP 8% Easy to digest Low fat and fiber No pigment

Question 37

Carbo Cassava

Answer 37

``` CP 2% High starch High fiber 4% ! Hydrocyanic Acid ! Dusty and bulky ```

Question 38

Fat and Oil

Answer 38

Increase palatability decrease heat increment balancing dietary energy e.g Palm oil, rice bran oil, soybean oil, poultry fat.

Question 39

Nutritive food additives

Answer 39

Essential protein: Lysine, Methionine, Threonine Macro minerals: Ca, Phosphorus, Sodium, Chlorine Premix (from trace minerals & vitamins): Choline

Question 40

Basic Feed Formulation

Answer 40

Protein: from plant (10-30%), animal (2-8%) Energy: from grain (40-60%), oil (2-6%) Nutritive Feed Additives: 10-15% Non-nutritious Feed Additives: 1-2%

Question 41

Wheat

Answer 41

``` Cereal grain CP ~12% High NSPs High Fiber Lack of pigment ```

Question 42

Non Nutritive Feed Additives

Answer 42

Preservative, Feed Processing, Toxicology, Palatability, Improvement of digestion & absorption, bacteria control, product improvement, fertility. ! FOR ADDITIONAL PURPOSE ONLY!