Flashcards in Chapter 3 Feeds and Non-ruminant Nutrition in Thailand Deck (42)
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1
Livestock
Domesticated animals, for profit, for foods.
2
Oral Cavity
First step of digestive process.
*cows don't cut grass, due to.the lack of front upper teeth.
3
Esophagus
Fungsi melumat makanan
4
Stomach
Enzymes: pepsin, HCl,
Function: breaking down protein
Specific Condition: pH
5
Small Intestine
For digestion and food absorbing process
6
Large intestine
Fermentation and reabsorb
7
Non-Ruminant Animals
- One Stomach
- Poultry and Swine
8
Ruminant Animals
Many Stomach
Cattle, Sheep, Buffalo, Goat
9
Feeds
-Organic
-Inorganic
-Moisture
10
Organic Feeds
Protein
Fat
Lipid
Carbo
11
Inorganic Feeds
Minerals
12
Essential Protein
Protein that comes from our foods, can't be produced by our body e.g. Lysine, Methionine, Threonine
13
Non Essential Proteins
Protein that only can be produced by our body
14
Fat
Made up of vegetables oil and animal fats
15
Carbohydrates
consist of many types:
- sugar
- fiber
- starch
16
Starch
Amylose to Amylopectin (produced in animal )
17
Fiber
Cellulose to Hemicellulose (produced in plant)
18
Main Source of Energy
Protein and amino
Carbohydrates Fat
19
Gross Energy
total energy intakes
20
Digestible Energy (DE)
energy processed (digested)
21
Metabolizable Energy (ME)
running metabolism
22
Minerals
C H N O structure
e.g. calcium, magnesium, zinc, iodine
phosphorus, sodium chlorine
23
Phytate Phosphorus
no idea
24
Vitamins
Fat soluble: ADEK
Water Soluble: BC
25
Water
55-75% of body
26
Protein percentage in melamine issue
To calculate by ( Nitrogen contain x 6.25)
27
Feedstuffs
anything eaten or drunk for nutrition and pleasure
can be made from animals and plants
28
Roughage
Feed containing much indigestible materials acting as fiber (>18%)
29
Concentrate
Feed containing material in low fiber (<18%), can be used as source of:
1. energy feed
2. protein feed
30
Protein Feedstuffs
Produced from plant e.g soybean, leucena and from animals e.g fishmeal, fur
31
Soybean Dilemma
Processing soybean as feedstuffs are quite complicated due to its potential to generate anti-nutritional factors e.g trypsin inhibitor, urease, phytic acid when it's in raw state.
However, it turns to be less digestibility when it's overcooked.
The best soybean meal will appear in light brownish color and has a nut-like taste
32
Soybean Dilemma
Processing soybean as feedstuffs are quite complicated due to its potential to generate anti-nutritional factors e.g trypsin inhibitor, urease, phytic acid when it's in raw state.
However, it turns to be less digestibility when it's overcooked.
The best soybean meal will appear in light brownish color and has a nut-like taste
33
Protein-Fish Meal
CP 50%-60% (protein level)
Come from all parts of fish by product or whole fish
34
Protein-Dried Milk Products for Piglet
Skimmed Milk
Whey
Milk Replacer
35
Carbo Corn
CP 6-8% and low fiber
Yellow pigment is good for layer
Aflatoxin contamination!
36
Carbo Broken Rice
CP 8%
Easy to digest
Low fat and fiber
No pigment
37
Carbo Cassava
CP 2%
High starch
High fiber 4%
! Hydrocyanic Acid !
Dusty and bulky
38
Fat and Oil
Increase palatability
decrease heat increment
balancing dietary energy
e.g Palm oil, rice bran oil, soybean oil, poultry fat.
39
Nutritive food additives
Essential protein: Lysine, Methionine, Threonine
Macro minerals: Ca, Phosphorus, Sodium, Chlorine
Premix (from trace minerals & vitamins): Choline
40
Basic Feed Formulation
Protein: from plant (10-30%), animal (2-8%)
Energy: from grain (40-60%), oil (2-6%)
Nutritive Feed Additives: 10-15%
Non-nutritious Feed Additives: 1-2%
41
Wheat
Cereal grain
CP ~12%
High NSPs
High Fiber
Lack of pigment
42
