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A2 ICT > Chapter 3: Networks and Communications > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Networks and Communications Flashcards

1
Q

What is the intranet?

A

The internet used within an organisation, over LAN or VPN.

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2
Q

The intranet uses the internet protocol. What is it?

A

Protocol used for communicating data across the internet. IP delivers packets from the source host to the destination host based on their addresses

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3
Q

What is the extranet?

A

Private network that sits on top of the internet e.g moodle

Uses VPN for security

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4
Q

What is LAN and a WAN?

A

LAN - Local Area Network

  • Connected by cables owned by user
  • Close proximity
  • Shares servers and local peripherals

WAN - Wider Area Network

  • Large distance between computers
  • Connected by third parties such as satellites
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5
Q

What is a peer-to-peer network?

A

Were all computers connected to the network act as client and server so they are all of equal status

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6
Q

What is a client-server network?

A

The computer called the server controls peripherals e.g printers, backup, and is connected to less powerful computers

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7
Q

Give 2 advantages and disadvantages to client-server?

A

Advantages

  1. Backup, security and antivirus centralised so individuals don’t have to worry
  2. Network processing done centrally, so clients not interrupted

Disadvantages

  1. Server is expensive
  2. Network manager is required which costs money
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8
Q

What is a switch?

A

Switch

  • Network component that has a number of ports
  • Data is examined to see the final destination and then sent to that port the device is connected to
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9
Q

What does a network interface card do?

A

Allows a device to be physically connected to the network to allow communication to pass to and from a computer

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10
Q

What is a wireless access point do (WAP)?

A

Sends and receives wireless signals when connected into the physical network by a cable

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11
Q

What does a router do?

A

Routes information between networks.

Connects a LAN to a WAN

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12
Q

What does a repeater do?

A

Used in a network to strengthen a signal

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13
Q

What does a bridge do?

A

Connects and passes packets between two network segments.

Allows data to be broadcast in one direction.

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14
Q

Name 3 types of server and what they do?

A
  1. File server - stores documents for access to user
  2. Proxy server - verifies and routes requests, bans those not permitted
  3. Print server - controls printing
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15
Q

Give 2 advantages and disadvantages of fibre optic cables?

A

Advantages

  1. Not much interference
  2. High bit rate

Disadvantages

  1. Expensive
  2. Only economical when bandwidth is fully utilised
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16
Q

Give 2 advantages and disadvantages of lasers?

A

Advantages

  1. Data transfer quick
  2. Used when laying cables not an option

Disadvantages

  1. Line of sight required
  2. Can be blocked by fog/mist
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17
Q

Give 2 advantages and disadvantages of infrared?

A

Advantages

  1. No cables
  2. Unlicensed

Disadvantages

  1. Line of sight needed
  2. Interference from other light sources
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18
Q

What is bandwidth?

A

The maximum amount of data that can be transferred along a communications channels at one time, measuring the volume of data per second over time

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19
Q

What is communications media?

A

The physical means used to transfer data

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20
Q

Give 2 advantages and disadvantages of Bluetooth?

A

Advantages

  1. Secure as you can enter a passcode
  2. Don’t need to have a line of sight

Disadvantages

  1. Limit on distance between devices
  2. Can only connect to one device at a time
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21
Q

Give 2 advantages and disadvantages of FAX?

A

Advantages

  1. Gives receipt of delivery
  2. Ability to hold address books

Disadvantages

  1. Received document can’t be directly edited
  2. No guarantee of where you are sending the FAX to
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22
Q

Give 2 advantages and disadvantages of teleconferencing?

A

Advantages

  1. Equipment cheap (webcam)
  2. Can be played back at a later date

Disadvantages

  1. Image quality is poor
  2. Power cut
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23
Q

What does ADSL stand for?

A

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

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24
Q

What does ADSL run on and why?

A

Runs on copper cables on frequencies not used for telephone calls, so the telephone can be used for speech and data traffic

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25
Q

Give 2 advantages of ADSL?

A
  1. High speed connection

2. Can use the phone line while connected

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26
Q

State 2 disadvantages of ADSL?

A
  1. Not available everywhere

2. Distance is limited

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27
Q

Describe broadband using Cable?

A

The use of fibre-optic cables provided by television companies to deliver an internet connection

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28
Q

Give 2 advantages of Cable?

A
  1. High speed connection

2. Get telephone, television and internet in one service

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29
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of Cable?

A
  1. Physical cable needs to be installed

2. Speed advertised are not always guaranteed

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30
Q

Describe Wireless broadband?

A

Use of 2G/3G technology on mobile networks to allow internet access

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31
Q

Give 2 advantages of Wireless broadband?

A
  1. Connection is not limited to home location

2. Technology is always improving e.g 4G!

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32
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of Wireless broadband?

A
  1. Coverage depends on location

2. Expensive

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33
Q

What is a Leased Line?

A

A symmetric line connecting two locations

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34
Q

Give 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of Leased Line broadband?

A

Advantage
1. Bandwidth is always guaranteed

Disadvantage
1. Costs a lot for the line to be installed

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35
Q

Describe the two types of Satellite used for broadband?

A
  1. One-way satellite broadband uses a satellite for downloading and a telephone line for uploading
  2. Two-way satellite broadband uses satellite for both uploading and downloading
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36
Q

Give 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of Satellite broadband?

A

Advantage

  1. No need for fixed lines
  2. Mobile

Disadvantage

  1. Limited bandwidth
  2. Cost of technology
37
Q

What does IMEI stand for?

A

International Mobile Equipment Identity

38
Q

In 3 steps, describe what happens when a mobile phone call is placed over a cellular network?

A
  1. Phone places a call, sending a CALL INITIATION request to nearest base station containing IMEI
  2. Base station sends request to MOBILE SWITCHING CENTRE
  3. MSC asks if there’s enough credit and checks call bars. If allowed, connection is made via PUBLIC SWITCHED TELEPHONE NETWORK
39
Q

Give two advantages of cellular network for mobile phones?

A
  1. Coverage is almost complete so phones can be used anywhere
  2. Use of data network means text and picture messages can be sent and web access is available
40
Q

Give two disadvantages of cellular network on mobile phones?

A
  1. Loss of signal, battery and credit

2. Phones can be distracting for example when driving

41
Q

What does a Satellite phone do?

A

Satellite phone connects with satellites within its line of sight. It relays the signal to the base station and then to telephone network

42
Q

What are the two types of satellites?

A
  1. Low Earth Orbit

2. Geosynchronous Earth Orbit

43
Q

Give 2 advantages of satellite phones?

A
  1. Can be used anywhere as long as it is in the line of sight
  2. Greater security as its harder to monitor calls
44
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of satellite phones?

A
  1. Needs to be a line of sight

2. Bandwidth is low and costs a lot compared to cellular

45
Q

What does GPS stand for and what is it used for?

A

Global Positioning System is used to locate the users position on the ground

46
Q

Give 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage to GPS?

A

Advantage
1. High degree of accuracy

Disadvantage
1. Need a line of sight to the satellite

47
Q

Give two advantageous ways in which satellites can be used in regards to the weather?

A
  1. Weather predictions can be made such as warnings for hurricanes or storms
  2. Impacts of natural and man made disasters can be viewed
48
Q

Give two disadvantages for satellites being used for weather?

A
  1. Images taken need to be analysed/interpreted

2. Only a certain number of photos can be received with a polar orbit

49
Q

Satellites can be used to transfer data such as banking information. Give 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages?

A

Advantage

  1. Secure connection
  2. Doesn’t need complex infrastructure

Disadvantage

  1. High cost
  2. Reliant on technology working
50
Q

What does satellite television do and what does it need to work?

A

Gives the customer more channels than available through radio waves by using a decoder, which is usually a set-top box that separates free channels from encoded ones

51
Q

What is a protocol?

A

A set of communication rules and the method of implementing a standard

52
Q

Name 3 things that a standard governs?

A
  1. The format of the message
  2. The type of error checking to be used
  3. How the sending and receiving device indicates that the message has finished sending and receiving
53
Q

What is a virtual network/VPN ?

A

A network that runs on top of a larger network as a subset. It is secured and acts as a private network so computers can be far away, but act as if they have local access

54
Q

Give 2 benefits and 2 disadvantages of a peer-to-peer network?

A

Advantages

  1. No need for expensive server
  2. No knowledge needed as setup is done by wizards

Disadvantages

  1. Data stored on any computer so no organisation
  2. No responsibility for security, antivirus or backup
55
Q

What are the 3 optical communication methods and give 2 situations where each of them are used?

A
  1. Fibre optic - lighting and aircraft communications
  2. Infrared - Mouse and car locks
  3. Laser - Mapping ocean floor and data transmission
56
Q

What does laser stand for and how does it work?

A

Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

It outputs a electromagnetic energy field were all waves are at the same frequency and aligned

57
Q

What is infrared and how does it work?

A

A focused ray of light in the infrared frequency spectrum.

It is sent from a transmitter to a receiver over short distances

58
Q

What is infrared measured in?

A

Terahertz, or trillions of hertz (cycles per second)

59
Q

Give 3 cables used as communication media?

A
  1. Fibre-optic
  2. Co-axial
  3. Copper
60
Q

What is a copper cable also known as and what form does it come in?

A

Ethernet cable

Comes in twisted pairs called UTP and STP, which must be in the correct order to work

61
Q

Give 2 benefits and 2 disadvantages of using copper cables?

A

Advantage

  1. Easy and quick to manufacture
  2. Standardised so work with most things

Disadvantages

  1. Uses electrical signals so there may be interference
  2. Water and damp underground may lead to corrosion
62
Q

What is a co-axial cable also known as and describe what it looks like?

A

Also known as Coax
It has an signal wire in the middle, surrounded by an insulating layer, surrounded by a conducting copper braid, all covered in a outer plastic sheath

63
Q

Give 1 benefit and disadvantage of using co-axial?

A

Advantage
1. Cheap to make

Disadvantage
1. Inference from other signals

64
Q

Give 2 benefits and disadvantages of using wireless to use radio technology?

A

Advantages

  1. No physical connection required
  2. Worldwide standard allowing many devices to connect

Disadvantages

  1. Security issues if its not set up correctly
  2. Bandwidth is linked to the number of devices connected
65
Q

Give 3 features of emails?

A
  1. Allows you to send messages to many people at the same time using lists and by sending carbon copies
  2. Add digital signatures and encrypt the message for security
  3. Pictures and text can be sent and edited with software on the recipients computer
66
Q

What is IRC?

A

Internet Relay Chat, which is a text version of teleconferencing.
You can send real time messages, videos and pictures to groups of people

67
Q

Give 3 features of bulletin boards?

A
  1. Forum where users post and read messages
  2. Accessed anywhere in the world through the internet with many people online
  3. Sets up threads of conversations to ensure posts on the same subject are kept together and users can be notified of a new posting
68
Q

What does teleconferencing do?

A

Enables communication to take place between groups of people who are geographically remote using video and sound

69
Q

Define broadband?

A

A fast, permanent connection across a wide band of frequencies

70
Q

Who is satellite broadband regularly used by?

A

News companies to transmit their stories for television

71
Q

What is the PSTN?

A

Public Switched Telephone Network, which is the standard telephone network

72
Q

Give 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of satellite television?

A

Advantages

  1. Free and encrypted channels can be broadcast, enabling companies to charge for services
  2. Remote areas that have problems receiving radio waves can get satellite

Disadvantages

  1. High initial set up cost
  2. Can be affected by weather conditions
73
Q

What happens with weather satellites?

A

They observe and take normal or thermal pictures to analyse weather systems, such as predicting weather patterns or looking at the effects of pollution or natural disasters.

74
Q

Define mobile technology?

A

Devices which are portable and allow you to communicate

75
Q

Name 3 implications of mobile technology?

A
  1. Social
  2. Technological
  3. Financial
76
Q

Give 2 advantages and disadvantage of mobile technology?

A

Advantages

  1. Call for help if you’re in trouble or let friends/family know where you are
  2. For business, you can connect to work location, and receive emails and up to date information

Disadvantages

  1. Cost of communication for the hardware and calls and messages
  2. Little chance to have a break from work as someone can always contact you
77
Q

What can mobile technology also connect to and what will this give access to?

A

PDA or laptop for access to social networking, emails, news and weather

78
Q

What is a network?

A

Two or more computers connected together so they can communicate and share data

79
Q

What is full duplex?

A

Both uploading and downloading can be done at the same time

80
Q

What is half duplex?

A

Either uploading or downloading can only be done one at a time

81
Q

Give 3 protocols?

A
  1. SMTP
  2. IP
  3. FTP
82
Q

What is SMTP and what is it used for?

A

Standard Mail Transfer Protocol

For transferring electronic mail

83
Q

What is the IP and what is it used for?

A

Internet protocol

Used for connecting and transferring data across the internet

84
Q

What is FTP?

A

File transfer protocol

Used for uploading website files onto the internet

85
Q

What is bandwidth measured in?

A

Measures the rate of transmission in bps (bits per second)

86
Q

Rank cable, infrared and wireless in terms of bandwidth, from lowest to highest?

A
  1. Infrared
  2. Wireless
  3. Cable
87
Q

Describe 1 characteristic of wireless communications media?

A

There’s no physical connection as data is transmitted by electro-magnetic waves

88
Q

What is a hub?

A
  1. Concentrator that connects lots of computers to the network through a single link
  2. Signals received sent to all other ports

A2 ICT (6 decks)

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