CHAPTER 30

Question 1

a short-term infection, usually characterized by dramatic onset

Answer 1

ACUTE INFECTION

Question 2

the number of expected secondary transmissions from each single case of a disease in an entirely susceptible population

Answer 2

BASIC REPRODUCTION NUMBER

Question 3

the use of microbial agents to incapacitate or kill a military or civilian population in an act of war or terrorism

Answer 3

BIOLOGICAL (MICROBIAL) WARFARE

Question 4

a subclinically infected individual who may spread a disease

Answer 4

CARRIER

Question 5

the agency of the United States Public Health Service that tracks disease trends, provides disease information to the public and to healthcare professionals, and forms public policy regarding disease prevention and intervention

Answer 5

CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTIONS (CDC)

Question 6

a long-term infection

Answer 6

CHRONIC INFECTION

Question 7

an infection (or intoxication) of a large number of people from a contaminated common source such as food or water

Answer 7

COMMON-SOURCE EPIDEMIC

Question 8

a quantitative measure of disease burden defined as the cumulative number of years lost due to an illness itself, a disability due to an illness, or premature death

Answer 8

DISABILITY-ADJUSTED LIFE YEAR

Question 9

the observation, recognition, and reporting of diseases as they occur

Answer 9

DISEASE SURVEILLANCE

Question 10

an infectious disease whose incidence recently increased or whose incidence threatens to increase in the near future

Answer 10

EMERGING DISEASE

Question 11

a disease that is constantly present, usually in low numbers, in a population

Answer 11

ENDEMIC DISEASE

Question 12

the occurrence of a disease in unusually high numbers in a localized population

Answer 12

EPIDEMIC

Question 13

the study of the occurrence, distribution, and determinants of health and disease in populations

Answer 13

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Question 14

an inanimate object that when contaminated with a viable pathogen can transfer the pathogen to a host

Answer 14

FOMITE

Question 15

the resistance of a population to a pathogen as a result of the immunity of a large portion of the population

Answer 15

HERD IMMUNITY

Question 16

an epidemic resulting from person-to-person contact, characterized by a gradual rise and fall in number of new cases

Answer 16

HOST-TO-HOST EPIDEMIC

Question 17

the number of new reported cases of a disease in a population in a given time period

Answer 17

INCIDENCE

Question 18

in the context of infectious disease, the separation of persons who have an infectious disease from those whose are healthy

Answer 18

ISOLATION

Question 19

the incidence of disease in a population

Answer 19

MORBIDITY

Question 20

the incidence of death in a population

Answer 20

MORTALITY

Question 21

the occurrence of a large number of cases of a disease in a short period of time

Answer 21

OUTBREAK

Question 22

a widespread, usually worldwide epidemic

Answer 22

PANDEMIC

Question 23

the total number of new and existing cases of a disease reported in a population in a given time period

Answer 23

PREVALENCE

Question 24

the health of the populations as a whole

Answer 24

PUBLIC HEALTH

Question 25

the separation and restriction of well persons who may have been exposed to an infectious disease to see if they develop the disease

Answer 25

QUARANTINE

Question 26

an infectious disease previously under control but that produces a new epidemic

Answer 26

RE-EMERGING DISEASE

Question 27

a source of infectious agents from which susceptible individuals may be infected

Answer 27

RESERVOIR

Question 28

a living agent that transfers a pathogen

Answer 28

VECTOR

Question 29

a nonliving source of pathogens that transmits the pathogens to large numbers of individuals

Answer 29

VEHICLE

Question 30

the relative ability of a pathogen to cause disease

Answer 30

VIRULENCE

Question 31

any disease that occurs primarily in animals but can be transmitted to humans

Answer 31

ZOONOSIS

Question 32

What is the disease, symptoms and mode of transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi?

Answer 32

Disease: Lyme Disease Symptoms: rash, fever, neurological and cardiac abnormalities, arthritis Mode of Transmission: bite of infective Ixodes tick

Question 33

What is the disease, symptoms and mode of transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Answer 33

Disease: Tuberculosis Symptoms: cough, weight loss, lung lesions Mode of Transmission: sputum droplets (exhaled through a cough or sneeze) from a person with active disease

Question 34

What is the disease, symptoms and mode of transmission of Clostridioides difficile?

Answer 34

Disease and Symptoms: Antibiotic-associated enterocolitis Mode of Transmission: person-to-person contact and through fomites in the healthcare setting

Question 35

What is the disease, symptoms and mode of transmission of Vibrio cholera?

Answer 35

Disease: Cholera Symptoms: severe diarrhea, rapid dehydration Mode of transmission: water contaminated with the feces of infected persons; food exposed to contaminated water

Question 36

What is the disease, symptoms and mode of transmission of Dengue?

Answer 36

Disease and symptoms: Hemorrhagic fever Mode of transmission: bite of an infected mosquito (primarily Aedes aegypti)

Question 37

What is the disease, symptoms and mode of transmission of Filoviruses (Marburg, Ebola)?

Answer 37

Symptoms: Fulminant, high mortality, hemorrhagic fevers Mode pf transmission: direct contact with infected blood, organs, secretions, and semen

Question 38

What is the disease, symptoms and mode of transmission of Influenza H5N1 (avian influenza)?

Answer 38

Symptoms: fever, headache, cough, pneumonia, high mortality Mode of transmission: direct contact with infected animals or humans, not easily spread via respiratory aerosols

Question 39

What is the disease, symptoms and mode of transmission of Zika?

Answer 39

Symptoms: asymptomatic, or fever, rash, muscle and joint pain, headache Mode of transmission: Bite of an infected mosquito (primarily Aedes aegypti), mother to fetus, sexual contact, blood transfusion

Question 40

What is the disease, symptoms and mode of transmission of Candida?

Answer 40

Disease: Candidiasis Symptoms: fungal infections of the gastrointestinal tract, vagina, and oral cavity Mode of transmission: member of endogenous microbiota becomes an opportunistic pathogen; contact with secretions or excretions from infected persons